sdcc-3.9.0 fork implementing GNU assembler syntax

This fork aims to provide better support for stm8-binutils

7 files changed, 74063 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/doc/INSTALL.txt b/doc/INSTALL.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c09707d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/INSTALL.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+SDCC Binary Kit Install Help
+----------------------------
+
+For Linux users:
+================
+To install:
+
+* Extract the binary kit to a temporary directory.
+  This will create a new directory called 'sdcc-3.9.0' in the temporary directory.
+    cd ~
+    mkdir tmp
+    cd tmp
+    tar xjf path/to/binary/kit/sdcc-3.9.0-i386-unknown-linux2.5.tar.bz2
+
+* Change to the sdcc directory and copy all files to /usr/local
+    cd sdcc-3.9.0
+    cp -r * /usr/local
+
+This will install sdcc binaries into: /usr/local/bin/
+header files into:                    /usr/local/share/sdcc/include/
+non-free header files into:           /usr/local/share/sdcc/non-free/include/
+library files into:                   /usr/local/share/sdcc/lib/
+non-free library files into:          /usr/local/share/sdcc/non-free/lib/
+and documentation into:               /usr/local/share/sdcc/doc/
+
+You can test the install by entering:
+    /usr/local/bin/sdcc -v
+
+This should return sdcc's version number.
+
+Even if the default search paths look into /usr/local, sdcc is fully
+relocatable. Try `sdcc --print-search-dirs` if you have problems with header
+or library files. See sdccman.pdf for more detailed information.
+
+
+For Windows 9X/NT/2000/XP/Vista/7/8 users:
+==========================================
+To install:
+
+* If you would like to keep a copy of your previous version,
+  rename the directory where it's installed first
+* Run sdcc-3.9.0-setup.exe for 32 bit Windows or
+  Run sdcc-3.9.0-x64-setup.exe for 64 bit Windows
+
+By default this will install sdcc binaries into: C:\Program Files\SDCC\bin\
+header files into:                               C:\Program Files\SDCC\include\
+non-free header files into:                      C:\Program Files\SDCC\non-free\include\
+library files into:                              C:\Program Files\SDCC\lib\
+non-free library files into:                     C:\Program Files\SDCC\non-free\lib\
+and documentation into:                          C:\Program Files\SDCC\doc\
+
+You can test the install by opening a DOS box and entering:
+    sdcc -v
+
+This should return sdcc's version number.
+
+sdcc for windows is fully relocatable. Try `sdcc --print-search-dirs` if you
+have problems with header or library files. See sdccman.pdf for more
+detailed information.
+
+
+For Mac OS X users:
+===================
+To install:
+
+* Extract the binary kit to a temporary directory.
+  This will create a new directory called 'sdcc-3.9.0' in the temporary directory.
+    cd ~
+    mkdir tmp
+    cd tmp
+    tar xjf path/to/binary/kit/sdcc-3.9.0-universal-apple-macosx.tar.bz2
+
+* Change to the sdcc directory and copy all files to /Developer/sdcc
+    cp -r sdcc /Developer/sdcc
+
+This will install sdcc binaries into: /Developer/sdcc/bin/
+header files into:                    /Developer/sdcc/share/sdcc/include/
+non-free header files into:           /Developer/sdcc/share/sdcc/non-free/include/
+library files into:                   /Developer/sdcc/share/sdcc/lib/
+non-free library files into:          /Developer/sdcc/share/sdcc/non-free/lib/
+and documentation into:               /Developer/sdcc/share/sdcc/doc/
+
+You can test the install by entering:
+    /Developer/sdcc/bin/sdcc -v
+
+This should return sdcc's version number.
+
+Even if the default search paths look into /usr/local, sdcc is fully
+relocatable. Try `sdcc --print-search-dirs` if you have problems with header
+or library files. See sdccman.pdf for more detailed information.
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4d3a96
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/doc/Makefile b/doc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cf943d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+
+srcdir = .
+
+LYX        = lyx
+LATEX      = latex
+LATEX2HTML = :
+PDFLATEX   = pdflatex
+MAKEINDEX  = makeindex
+DVIPDFM    = dvipdfm
+
+PDFLATEXARGS = -file-line-error -halt-on-error
+
+include ../Makefile.common
+
+MANUAL = sdccman
+
+all: $(MANUAL).pdf $(MANUAL).html/index.html $(MANUAL).txt
+
+install:
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+	cp -rf $(srcdir)/*.txt $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+	txtfiles=`echo *.txt | grep -v '\*\.txt' || true`
+	if [    $(txtfiles)               ]; then cp     $(txtfiles)    $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	if [ -f $(MANUAL).html/index.html ]; then cp -rf $(MANUAL).html $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	if [ -f $(MANUAL).pdf             ]; then cp -rf $(MANUAL).pdf  $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	rm -rf `find $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) -name .svn -type d`
+	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/*/images.*
+
+uninstall:
+	rm -rf $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+
+$(MANUAL).html/index.html: $(MANUAL).tex $(MANUAL).aux ;#$(MANUAL).ind $(MANUAL).glo
+	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with two consecutive dashes for long-options: --stack-auto
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with \tabularnewline
+	sed -e 's,-\\/-,-\\/-\\/-,g' \
+	    -e 's,\\tabularnewline$$,\\\\,g' < $< > $(dir $@)$(notdir $<)
+	cp $(MANUAL).aux $(dir $@)
+	-cd $(dir $@); $(LATEX2HTML) -split 5 -show_section_numbers -local_icons -info "" -nosubdir $(MANUAL) $(QUIET)
+	rm -f $(dir $@)WARNINGS $(dir $@)labels.pl $(dir $@)$(notdir $<) $(dir $@)$*.aux
+
+%.html/index.html: %.tex %.aux
+	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with two consecutive dashes for long-options: --stack-auto
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with \tabularnewline
+	sed -e 's,-\\/-,-\\/-\\/-,g' \
+	    -e 's,\\tabularnewline$$,\\\\,g' < $< > $(dir $@)$(notdir $<)
+	cp $*.aux $(dir $@)
+	-cd $(dir $@); $(LATEX2HTML) -split 0 -local_icons -info "" -nosubdir $* $(QUIET)
+	rm -f $(dir $@)WARNINGS $(dir $@)labels.pl $(dir $@)$(notdir $<) $(dir $@)$*.aux
+
+%.txt: %.lyx
+	@# $(LYX) will export the file in the directory of the $(LYX) file
+	@# if VPATH is used the $(LYX) file is copied first
+	if [ "$(srcdir)" != "." ]; then \
+	  cp -f $(srcdir)/$(notdir $<) $(srcdir)/*.svg . ; \
+	fi
+	$(LYX) -e text $(notdir $<);
+
+%.pdf %.aux: %.tex %.dvi %.ind
+	which $(PDFLATEX) > /dev/null && $(PDFLATEX) $* || $(DVIPDFM) $*
+
+#%.ps:  %.pdf
+#	$(DVIPS) $*
+
+%.dvi: %.tex
+	$(LATEX) $<
+	@# rerun to in include aux
+	$(LATEX) $<
+
+%.tex: %.lyx
+	if [ "$(srcdir)" != "." ] ; then \
+	  cp -f $(srcdir)/$(notdir $^) $(srcdir)/*.svg . ; \
+	fi
+	echo $(VERSION) > sdcc_version
+	$(LYX) -e latex $(notdir $<);
+
+%.ind: %.dvi
+	$(LATEX) $*
+	# is there an index?
+	if [ -f $*.idx ] ; then \
+	  $(MAKEINDEX) -q $*; \
+	  $(LATEX) $*; \
+	  $(LATEX) $*; \
+	fi
+#	  -$(MAKEINDEX) -s l2hidx.ist $*; \
+
+#%.glo: %.dvi
+#	# the glossary, not implemented yet
+#	# $(MAKEINDEX) -s l2hglo.ist -o $@ $<
+
+#%.pdf %.aux: %.tex
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+#	[ ! -e "$*.idx" ] || $(MAKEINDEX) $* $(QUIET)
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+#	[ ! -e "$*.idx" ] || $(MAKEINDEX) $* $(QUIET)
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+
+archive: all
+	rm -rf sdcc-doc sdcc-doc.tar.bz2
+	mkdir sdcc-doc
+	rsync -rCt *.pdf *.txt $(srcdir)/*.txt sdcc-doc
+
+	for doc in $(MANUAL); do \
+	  rsync -Rt $$doc.html/*.html $$doc.html/*.png $$doc.html/*.css sdcc-doc/; \
+	done
+
+	mkdir sdcc-doc/as
+	rsync -rCt $(top_srcdir)/sdas/doc/* sdcc-doc/as/
+
+	mkdir sdcc-doc/ucsim
+	cd $(top_srcdir)/sim/ucsim/doc; rsync *.html *.jpg *.fig ../../../doc/sdcc-doc/ucsim/
+
+	tar -c sdcc-doc | bzip2 -9 > sdcc-doc.tar.bz2
+
+include $(srcdir)/clean.mk
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ae6210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+VPATH  = @srcdir@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+
+LYX        = @LYX@
+LATEX      = @LATEX@
+LATEX2HTML = @LATEX2HTML@
+PDFLATEX   = @PDFLATEX@
+MAKEINDEX  = @MAKEINDEX@
+DVIPDFM    = @DVIPDFM@
+
+PDFLATEXARGS = -file-line-error -halt-on-error
+
+include ../Makefile.common
+
+MANUAL = sdccman
+
+all: $(MANUAL).pdf $(MANUAL).html/index.html $(MANUAL).txt
+
+install:
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+	cp -rf $(srcdir)/*.txt $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+	txtfiles=`echo *.txt | grep -v '\*\.txt' || true`
+	if [    $(txtfiles)               ]; then cp     $(txtfiles)    $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	if [ -f $(MANUAL).html/index.html ]; then cp -rf $(MANUAL).html $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	if [ -f $(MANUAL).pdf             ]; then cp -rf $(MANUAL).pdf  $(DESTDIR)$(docdir); fi
+	rm -rf `find $(DESTDIR)$(docdir) -name .svn -type d`
+	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)/*/images.*
+
+uninstall:
+	rm -rf $(DESTDIR)$(docdir)
+
+$(MANUAL).html/index.html: $(MANUAL).tex $(MANUAL).aux ;#$(MANUAL).ind $(MANUAL).glo
+	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with two consecutive dashes for long-options: --stack-auto
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with \tabularnewline
+	sed -e 's,-\\/-,-\\/-\\/-,g' \
+	    -e 's,\\tabularnewline$$,\\\\,g' < $< > $(dir $@)$(notdir $<)
+	cp $(MANUAL).aux $(dir $@)
+	-cd $(dir $@); $(LATEX2HTML) -split 5 -show_section_numbers -local_icons -info "" -nosubdir $(MANUAL) $(QUIET)
+	rm -f $(dir $@)WARNINGS $(dir $@)labels.pl $(dir $@)$(notdir $<) $(dir $@)$*.aux
+
+%.html/index.html: %.tex %.aux
+	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with two consecutive dashes for long-options: --stack-auto
+	@# fixes $(LATEX2HTML) problems with \tabularnewline
+	sed -e 's,-\\/-,-\\/-\\/-,g' \
+	    -e 's,\\tabularnewline$$,\\\\,g' < $< > $(dir $@)$(notdir $<)
+	cp $*.aux $(dir $@)
+	-cd $(dir $@); $(LATEX2HTML) -split 0 -local_icons -info "" -nosubdir $* $(QUIET)
+	rm -f $(dir $@)WARNINGS $(dir $@)labels.pl $(dir $@)$(notdir $<) $(dir $@)$*.aux
+
+%.txt: %.lyx
+	@# $(LYX) will export the file in the directory of the $(LYX) file
+	@# if VPATH is used the $(LYX) file is copied first
+	if [ "$(srcdir)" != "." ]; then \
+	  cp -f $(srcdir)/$(notdir $<) $(srcdir)/*.svg . ; \
+	fi
+	$(LYX) -e text $(notdir $<);
+
+%.pdf %.aux: %.tex %.dvi %.ind
+	which $(PDFLATEX) > /dev/null && $(PDFLATEX) $* || $(DVIPDFM) $*
+
+#%.ps:  %.pdf
+#	$(DVIPS) $*
+
+%.dvi: %.tex
+	$(LATEX) $<
+	@# rerun to in include aux
+	$(LATEX) $<
+
+%.tex: %.lyx
+	if [ "$(srcdir)" != "." ] ; then \
+	  cp -f $(srcdir)/$(notdir $^) $(srcdir)/*.svg . ; \
+	fi
+	echo $(VERSION) > sdcc_version
+	$(LYX) -e latex $(notdir $<);
+
+%.ind: %.dvi
+	$(LATEX) $*
+	# is there an index?
+	if [ -f $*.idx ] ; then \
+	  $(MAKEINDEX) -q $*; \
+	  $(LATEX) $*; \
+	  $(LATEX) $*; \
+	fi
+#	  -$(MAKEINDEX) -s l2hidx.ist $*; \
+
+#%.glo: %.dvi
+#	# the glossary, not implemented yet
+#	# $(MAKEINDEX) -s l2hglo.ist -o $@ $<
+
+#%.pdf %.aux: %.tex
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+#	[ ! -e "$*.idx" ] || $(MAKEINDEX) $* $(QUIET)
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+#	[ ! -e "$*.idx" ] || $(MAKEINDEX) $* $(QUIET)
+#	$(PDFLATEX) $* $(PDFLATEXARGS)
+
+archive: all
+	rm -rf sdcc-doc sdcc-doc.tar.bz2
+	mkdir sdcc-doc
+	rsync -rCt *.pdf *.txt $(srcdir)/*.txt sdcc-doc
+
+	for doc in $(MANUAL); do \
+	  rsync -Rt $$doc.html/*.html $$doc.html/*.png $$doc.html/*.css sdcc-doc/; \
+	done
+
+	mkdir sdcc-doc/as
+	rsync -rCt $(top_srcdir)/sdas/doc/* sdcc-doc/as/
+
+	mkdir sdcc-doc/ucsim
+	cd $(top_srcdir)/sim/ucsim/doc; rsync *.html *.jpg *.fig ../../../doc/sdcc-doc/ucsim/
+
+	tar -c sdcc-doc | bzip2 -9 > sdcc-doc.tar.bz2
+
+include $(srcdir)/clean.mk
diff --git a/doc/README.txt b/doc/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88f8c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+SDCC - free open source, retargettable, optimizing ANSI-C compiler
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Welcome to SDCC, free open source, retargettable, optimizing ANSI C
+compiler suite that targets a growing list of processors including the
+Intel MCS-51 based microprocessors (8031, 8032, 8051, 8052, etc.), Maxim
+(formerly Dallas) DS80C390 variants, Freescale (formerly Motorola) HC08
+based (hc08, s08), Zilog Z80 based MCUs (Z80, Z180, Game Boy, Rabbit
+2000/3000, Rabbit 3000A, TLCS-90) and STMicroelectronics STM8.
+Work is in progress on supporting the Microchip PIC16 and PIC18 targets.
+It can be retargeted for other microprocessors.
+
+See share/sdcc/doc/INSTALL.txt for the installation instructions for
+the binary kits.
+
+See the share/sdcc/doc directory for more documentation.
+
+See http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/ for the latest information on sdcc.
+
+
+Licenses:
+~~~~~~~~~
+SDCC compiler suite is a collection of several components derived from
+different sources with different FOSS licenses. See the sdccman.pdf
+document, chapter "SDCC Suite Licenses" for details.
+
+The code or object files generated by SDCC suite are not licensed, so
+they can be used in FLOSS or proprietary (closed source) applications.
+
+The great majority of sdcc run-time libraries are licensed under the
+GPLv2+LE which allows linking of sdcc run time libraries with
+proprietary (closed source) applications.
+
+Exception are pic device libraries and header files which are derived
+from Microchip header (.inc) and linker script (.lkr) files. Microchip
+requires that "The header files should state that they are only to be
+used with authentic Microchip devices" which makes them incompatible
+with the GPL. Pic device libraries and header files are located at
+non-free/lib and non-free/include directories respectively. Sdcc should
+be run with the --use-non-free command line option in order to include
+non-free header files and libraries.
+
+See:
+
+ http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
+
+ http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/sdcc/wiki/SDCC%20Library%20Licenses
+
+
+Support:
+~~~~~~~~
+SDCC compiler suite is a collaborative effort between a group of
+volunteers. Please feel free to report bugs via the Sourceforge bug
+tracker, or to ask questions on the user mailing list. See:
+
+ http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=100599&group_id=599&func=browse
+
+ http://sourceforge.net/mail/?group_id=599
+
+Notes:
+* The ds400, pic14 and pic16 are currently experimental, but work is in
+progress. Please check http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php for snapshots.
+* The TININative, avr and xa51 targets are no longer maintained.
+
+
+Roadmap:
+~~~~~~~~
+COPYING    - GPL v2
+debugger/  - sdcdb debugger
+device/    - Device libraries and examples
+doc/       - sdcc and target specific documentation
+sdas/      - Assemblers and linkers, derived from asxxxx
+sim/       - ucsim simulator
+src/       - Source to the C compiler and targets
+support/   - Libraries and apps that may not be provided by your system.
+
+
+Authors and interested persons:
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+* Sandeep Dutta (sandeep AT users.sourceforge.net)
+
+* Jean Loius-VERN      <jlvern AT writeme.com>
+* Daniel Drotos        <drdani AT mazsola.iit.uni-miskolc.hu>
+* Kevin Vigor          <kevin AT vigor.nu>
+* Johan Knol           <johan.knol AT iduna.nl>
+* Scott Dattalo        <scott AT dattalo.com>
+* Karl Bongers         <karl AT turbobit.com>
+* Bernhard Held        <bernhard AT bernhardheld.de>
+* Frieder Ferlemann    <frieder.ferlemann AT web.de>
+* Jesus Calvino-Fraga  <jesusc AT ece.ubc.ca>
+* Borut Razem          <borut.razem AT siol.net>
+* Vangelis Rokas       <vrokas AT otenet.gr>
+* Erik Petrich         <epetrich AT ivorytower.norman.ok.us>
+* Paul Stoffregen      <paul AT pjrc.com>
+* Michael Hope         <michaelh AT juju.net.nz> <nz_michaelh AT yahoo.com>
+* Maarten Brock        <sourceforge.brock AT dse.nl>
+* Raphael Neider       <RNeider AT web.de>
+* Hans-Juergen Dorn    <hans.dorn AT apl-landau.de>
+* Klaus Flittner       <klaus_flittner AT gmx.de>
+* Philipp Klaus Krause <pkk AT spth.de>
+* Leland Morrison      <enigmalee.AT.sourceforget.net>
+* Molnar Karoly        <molnarkaroly AT users.sf.net>
+* Ben Shi              <powerstudio1st AT 163.com>
+
+SDCC includes code from:
+* Alan Baldwin <baldwin AT shop-pdp.kent.edu>
+   Initial version of ASXXXX and  ASLINK. 
+* John Hartman <noice AT noicedebugger.com>
+   Porting ASXXXX and ASLINK for 8051.
+* Dmitry S. Obukhov <dso AT usa.net>
+   malloc and serial I/O routines.
+* Pascal Felber
+   Some of the Z80 related files are borrowed from the Gameboy
+   Development Kit (GBDK).
+* The GCC development team http://gcc.gnu.org/
+   for GNU C preprocessor, the basis of sdcpp preprocessor and
+   gcc test suite, partially included into the SDCC regression test suite
+* The GNU Binutils development team http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/
+   for GNU Binutils, the basis of sdbinutils
+* Boost Community http://www.boost.org/
+   for Boost C++ libraries used in sdcc compiler
+* Timo Bingmann http://idlebox.net/2007/stx-btree/
+   for TX B+ Tree C++ Template Classes used in sdcc compiler
+* Malini Dutta <malini AT mediaone.net>
+   Sandeep's wife, for her patience and support.
diff --git a/doc/clean.mk b/doc/clean.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..391661b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/clean.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(MANUAL).html $(TSS).html $(CDB).html
+	rm -rf $(MANUAL).txt $(TSS).txt $(CDB).txt \
+		*.pdf *.tex *.aux *.dvi *.idx *.ilg *.out\
+		*.ind *.log *.toc *~ \#* *.ps */*.css */*.pl *.gif core *.glo *.eps
+	rm -rf sdcc-doc sdcc-doc.tar.bz2
+	if [ "$(srcdir)" != "." ]; then rm -f *.lyx; fi
+
+# Deleting all files created by configuring or building the program
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------
+distclean: clean
+	rm -f Makefile
+
+# Like clean but some files may still exist
+# -----------------------------------------
+mostlyclean: clean
+
+# Deleting everything that can reconstructed by this Makefile. It deletes
+# everything deleted by distclean plus files created by bison, etc.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+realclean: distclean
diff --git a/doc/sdccman.lyx b/doc/sdccman.lyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46fb0f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/sdccman.lyx
@@ -0,0 +1,73320 @@
+#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 544
+\begin_document
+\begin_header
+\save_transient_properties true
+\origin unavailable
+\textclass book
+\begin_preamble
+% Added by lyx2lyx
+%  for proper underlining
+\PassOptionsToPackage{normalem}{ulem}
+\usepackage{ulem}
+\let\cite@rig\cite
+\newcommand{\b@xcite}[2][\%]{\def\def@pt{\%}\def\pas@pt{#1}
+  \mbox{\ifx\def@pt\pas@pt\cite@rig{#2}\else\cite@rig[#1]{#2}\fi}}
+\renewcommand{\underbar}[1]{{\let\cite\b@xcite\uline{#1}}}
+\pdfoptionpdfminorversion=3
+%
+\sloppy
+\tolerance=500
+\emergencystretch=30pt
+%
+\date{}
+\end_preamble
+\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
+\language english
+\language_package default
+\inputencoding utf8
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "times" "default"
+\font_sans "helvet" "default"
+\font_typewriter "courier" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
+\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
+\font_sc false
+\font_osf false
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
+\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
+\paperfontsize default
+\spacing single
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_title "SDCC Compiler User Guide"
+\pdf_author "SDCC development team"
+\pdf_subject "installation, user manual"
+\pdf_keywords "68hc08 8032 8051 ansi iso c compiler assembler CPU DS390 embedded development free Floating Point Arithmetic Freescale GPL HC08 S08 inline Intel ISO/IEC 9899:1990 Linux MAC OS X manual Maxim mcs51 Microchip microcontroller open source PIC Unix Windows Z80 Z180 Zilog Rabbit"
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
+\pdf_bookmarksopen false
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder false
+\pdf_colorlinks true
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle true
+\papersize letterpaper
+\use_geometry true
+\use_package amsmath 1
+\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package cancel 1
+\use_package esint 0
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 1
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
+\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
+\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
+\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\use_minted 0
+\branch test
+\selected 0
+\filename_suffix 0
+\color #faf0e6
+\end_branch
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
+\leftmargin 30mm
+\topmargin 20mm
+\rightmargin 25mm
+\bottommargin 20mm
+\secnumdepth 3
+\tocdepth 3
+\paragraph_separation indent
+\paragraph_indentation default
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style swedish
+\dynamic_quotes 0
+\papercolumns 1
+\papersides 1
+\paperpagestyle fancy
+\tracking_changes false
+\output_changes false
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
+\end_header
+
+\begin_body
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Please note: double dashed longoptions (e.g.
+ –version) are written this way: -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Two resp.
+ three consecutive dashes would otherwise result in a long resp.
+ extra long dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Architecture specific stuff (like memory models, code examples) should maybe
+ later go
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+into separate sections/chapters/appendices (it is hard to document PIC or
+ Z80 in 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a 8051 centered document) - for now simply add.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Title
+SDCC Compiler User Guide
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Date
+
+\size normal
+SDCC 
+\begin_inset CommandInset include
+LatexCommand input
+filename "sdcc_version"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size footnotesize
+$Date:: 2019-04-24 #$ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+$Revision: 11239 $
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The above strings enclosed in $ are automatically updated by Subversion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Introduction
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+About SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+SDCC
+\series default
+ (
+\emph on
+S
+\emph default
+mall 
+\emph on
+D
+\emph default
+evice 
+\emph on
+C
+\emph default
+ 
+\emph on
+C
+\emph default
+ompiler) is free open source, retargettable, optimizing standard (ANSI C89
+ / ISO C90, ISO C99, ISO C11 / ISO C17) C compiler suite originally written
+ by 
+\series bold
+Sandeep Dutta
+\series default
+ designed for 8 bit Microprocessors.
+ The current version targets Intel MCS51 based Microprocessors (8031, 8032,
+ 8051, 8052
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8031, 8032, 8051, 8052, mcs51 CPU
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, etc.), Dallas DS80C390 variants, Freescale (formerly Motorola) HC08 based
+ (hc08, s08), Zilog Z80 based MCUs (Z80, Z180, gbz80, Rabbit 2000/3000,
+ Rabbit 3000A 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80, Z180, GBZ80, Rabbit 2000/3000, Rabbit 3000A CPU
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+), Toshiba TLCS-90, Zilog eZ80 in Z80 mode, STMicroelectronics STM8 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STM8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and Padauk PDK14.
+ It can be retargeted for other microprocessors, support for Microchip PIC
+ and Padauk PDK15 is under development.
+ The entire source code for the compiler is distributed under GPL.
+ SDCC uses a modified version of ASXXXX
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas (sdasgb, sdas6808, sdas8051, sdasz80)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ & ASLINK
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdld
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, free open source retargetable assembler & linker.
+ SDCC has extensive language extensions suitable for utilizing various microcont
+rollers and underlying hardware effectively.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You might also want to have a look at the wiki 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+In addition to the MCU specific optimizations SDCC also does a host of standard
+ optimizations like:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+global sub expression elimination, 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+loop optimizations (loop invariant, strength reduction of induction variables
+ and loop reversing), 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+constant folding & propagation, 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+copy propagation, 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+dead code elimination 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+jump tables for 
+\emph on
+switch
+\emph default
+ statements.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the back-end SDCC uses a global register allocation scheme which should
+ be well suited for other 8 bit MCUs.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The peep hole optimizer uses a rule based substitution mechanism which is
+ MCU independent.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Supported data-types are:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="5">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="20text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed range
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned range
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_Bool / bool
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8 bits, 1 byte
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-128, +127
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0, +255
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+short
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16 bits, 2 bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-32.768, +32.767
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0, +65.535
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16 bits, 2 bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-32.768, +32.767
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0, +65.535
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+long
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+32 bits, 4 bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-2.147.483.648, +2.147.483.647
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0, +4.294.967.295
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+long long
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Incomplete support in the pic14 and pic16 backends.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+64 bits, 8 bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+float
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4 bytes similar to IEEE 754
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1.175494351E-38, 
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3.402823466E+38
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1, 2, 3 or 4 bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+generic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__bit
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Only supported in the mcs51, ds390, ds400 backends.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1 bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0, 1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The compiler also allows 
+\emph on
+inline assembler code
+\emph default
+ to be embedded anywhere in a function.
+ In addition, routines developed in assembly can also be called.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SDCC also provides an option (-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-cyclomatic) to report the relative complexity of a function.
+ These functions can then be further optimized, or hand coded in assembly
+ if needed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SDCC also comes with a companion source level debugger SDCDB.
+ The debugger currently uses ucSim, a free open source simulator for 8051
+ and other micro-controllers.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The latest SDCC version can be downloaded from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\emph on
+Please note: the compiler will probably always be some steps ahead of this
+ documentation
+\series bold
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Status of documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Obviously this has pros and cons
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+SDCC Suite Licenses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC suite is a collection of several components derived from different
+ sources with different licenses:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+executables:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcc compiler:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc compiler is licensed under the GPLv2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The code or object files generated by SDCC suite are not licensed, so they
+ can be used in FLOSS or proprietary (closed source) applications.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcpp preprocessor:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+derived from GCC cpp preprocessor 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://gcc.gnu.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; GPLv3 license
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdas assemblers and sdld linker:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+derived from ASXXXX 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://shop-pdp.kent.edu/ashtml/asxxxx.htm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; GPLv3 license
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+SDCC run-time libraries:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The great majority of SDCC run-time libraries are licensed under the GPLv2+LE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GPLv2+LE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which allows linking of SDCC run-time libraries with proprietary (closed
+ source) applications.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Exception are pic device libraries and header files which are derived from
+ Microchip header (.inc) and linker script (.lkr) files.
+ Microchip requires that "The header files should state that they are only
+ to be used with authentic Microchip devices" which makes them incompatible
+ with the GPL.
+ Pic device libraries and header files are located at non-free/lib and non-free/
+include directories respectively.
+ SDCC should be run with the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series default
+use-non-free
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option in order to include non-free header files and libraries.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdbinutils utilities (sdar, sdranlib, sdnm, sdobjcopy):
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+derived from GNU Binutils 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; GPLv3 license
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ucsim simulators:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+GPLv2 license
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcdb debugger:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+GPLv2 license
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+gcc-test regression tests:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+derived from gcc-testsuite; no license explicitely specified, but since
+ it is a part of GCC is probably GPLv3 licensed
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+packihx:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+public domain
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+makebin:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+zlib/libpng License
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+libraries:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+dbuf library:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+zlib/libpng License
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Boost C++ libraries:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.boost.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; Boost Software License 1.0 (BSL-1.0)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Links to licenses:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+GPLv2 license
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GPLv2 license
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+LGPLv2.1 license
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LGPLv2.1 license
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+GPLv3 license
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GPLv3 license
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+zlib/libpng License
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+zlib/libpng License
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.opensource.org/licenses/Zlib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Boost Software License 1.0 (BSL-1.0)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boost Software License 1.0 (BSL-1.0)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSL-1.0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This documentation is maintained using a free open source word processor
+ (\SpecialChar LyX
+) 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Typographic conventions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typographic conventions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Throughout this manual, we will use the following convention.
+ Commands you have to type in are printed in 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sans serif"
+\series default
+.
+
+\family default
+ Code samples are printed in 
+\family typewriter
+typewriter font.
+
+\family default
+ Interesting items and new terms are printed in 
+\emph on
+italic.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Compatibility
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with previous versions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Compatibility with previous versions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Newer versions have usually numerous bug fixes compared with the previous
+ version.
+ But we also sometimes introduce some incompatibilities with older versions.
+ Not just for the fun of it, but to make the compiler more stable, efficient
+ and standard compliant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Standard-compliance
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Standard-Compliance"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for Standard-Compliance).
+ This is a list of such changes .
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+It would be fine to add to each item, in which version was it changed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+short is now equivalent to int (16 bits), it used to be equivalent to char
+ (8 bits) which is not ANSI compliant.
+ To maintain compatibility, old programs could be compiled using the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-short-is-8bits command line option (option removed after the 3.6.0 release).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the default directory for gcc-builds where include, library and documentation
+ files are stored is now in /usr/local/share.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+char type parameters to vararg
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vararg, va
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+arg
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ functions are casted to int unless explicitly casted and 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option are not defined, e.g.: 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+char a=3;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+printf ("%d %c
+\backslash
+n", a, (char)a);
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ will push a as an int and as a char resp if 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line options are not defined,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ will push a as two ints if 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ or 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+pointer type parameters to vararg
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vararg, va
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+arg
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ functions are casted to generic pointers on Harvard architectures (e.g.
+ mcs51, ds390) unless explicitly casted and 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option are not defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-regextend has been removed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noregparms has been removed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-after-data has been removed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and sbit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sbit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sbit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ types now consistently behave like the C99 _Bool type with respect to type
+ conversion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type conversion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type promotion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The most common incompatibility resulting from this change is related to
+ bit toggling
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bit toggling
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ idioms, e.g.:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bit b;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b = ~
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+~ Operator
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+b; /* equivalent to b=1 instead of toggling b */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b = !b; /* toggles b */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+In previous versions, both forms would have toggled the bit.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in older versions, the preprocessor was always called with 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ regardless of the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-xxx
+\series default
+ setting.
+ This is no longer true, and can cause compilation failures on code built
+ with 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ but using c99 preprocessor features, such as one-line (//) comments
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in versions older than 2.8.4 the pic16 *printf() and printf_tiny() library
+ functions supported undocumented and not standard compliant 'b' binary
+ format specifier ("%b", "%hb" and "%lb").
+ The 'b' specifier is now disabled by default.
+ It can be enabled by defining BINARY_SPECIFIER macro in files device/lib/pic16/
+libc/stdio/vfprintf.c and device/lib/pic16/libc/stdio/printf_tiny.c and recompilin
+g the library.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+in versions older then 2.8.5 the unnamed bit-field structure members participated
+ in initialization, which is not conforming with ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard
+ (see section Section 6.7.8 Initialization, clause 9)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Old behaviour, before version 2.8.5:
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+struct {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int a : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+char
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int b : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+} s = {1, 2, 3};
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+/* s.a = 1, s.b = 3 */
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+New behaviour:
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+struct {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int a : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+char
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int b : 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+} s = {1, 2};
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+/* s.a = 1, s.b = 2 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 2.9.0 libraries included in SDCC packages, are in ar format.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Using-sdar-to"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.0.0 targets for xa51 and avr are disabled by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.0.0 sdldgb and sdldz80 don't support generation of Game Boy binary image
+ format.
+ The makebin utility can be used to convert Intel Hex format to Game Boy
+ binary image format.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.0.0 sdldgb and sdldz80 don't support generation of rrgb (Game Boy simulator)
+ map file and no$gmb symbol file formats.
+ The as2gbmap utility can be used to convert sdld map format to rrgb and
+ no$gmb file formats.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.1.0 asranlib utility was renamed to sdranlib.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.1.0 pic14 target, structured access to SFR via 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>_bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+ is deprecated and replaced by 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+.
+ It will be obsoleted (removed) in one of next SDCC releases.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Naming-of-special"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdar archive managing utility and sdnm utilities were introduced in version
+ 3.2.0.
+ sdar, sdranlib and sdnm are derived from GNU Binutils package.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 the sdcclib utility is deprecated.
+ Sdar utility should be used to create SDCC object file archives.
+ Sdcclib utility will become obsolete in one of next SDCC releases and will
+ be removed from SDCC packages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 special SDCC keywords which are not preceded by a double underscore
+ are obsoleted (removed).
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Standard-Compliance"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Standard-Compliance.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 compiler macro definitions not starting with double underscore characters
+ are deprecated if 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-cXX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ command line option is defined.
+ They have been obsoleted (removed) after the 3.4.0 release (except for the
+ macro SDCC, which has been removed after the 3.6.0 release (and brought back
+ for mcs51 for the 3.7.0 release)).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 new compiler macros for processor definition were introduced for
+ pic14 and pic16 targets: -D__SDCC_PIC16XXXX and -D__SDCC_PIC18FXXX respectively.
+ The pic16 macro definition -D__18fXXX is deprecated.
+ It was obsoleted (removed) after the 3.4.0 release.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 pragma config for pic16 target was introduced.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:PIC16_Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.2.0 new inline assembler format 
+\family typewriter
+__asm__ (inline_assembler_code
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+);
+\family default
+ as an addition to 
+\family typewriter
+__asm ...
+ __endasem;
+\family default
+ format introduced.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Inline-Assembler-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdobjcopy utility was introduced in version 3.3.0.
+ It is derived from GNU Binutils package.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Before 3.4.0 release, intrinsic named address spaces were called 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+storage classes
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ in this manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.6.0, the default for char changed from signed to unsigned.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.7.0, the prototype for putchar() changed from void putchar(char) to int
+ putchar(int)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.7.0 mcs51 and ds390 got a full _Bool/bool type, separate from __bit.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.7.0, the option –nojtbound and the corresponding pragma have been deprecated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.7.0, the prototype for getchar() changed from char getchar(void) to int
+ getchar().
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In 3.8.6, the deprecated sdcclib was removed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+System Requirements
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+What do you need before you start installation of SDCC? A computer, and
+ a desire to compute.
+ The preferred method of installation is to compile SDCC from source using
+ GNU GCC and make.
+ For Windows some pre-compiled binary distributions are available for your
+ convenience.
+ You should have some experience with command line tools and compiler use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Other Resources
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The SDCC home page at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a great place to find distribution sets.
+ You can also find links to the user mailing lists that offer help or discuss
+ SDCC with other SDCC users.
+ Web links to other SDCC related sites can also be found here.
+ This document can be found in the doc directory of the source package.
+ The latest snapshot build version of this document in pdf format is available
+ at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Some of the other tools (simulator and assembler) included with SDCC contain
+ their own documentation and can be found in the source distribution.
+ If you want the latest unreleased software, the complete source package
+ is available directly from Subversion on 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/code/8805/tree/trunk/sdcc/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Installing SDCC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Installation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For most users it is sufficient to skip to either section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Building-SDCC-on-Linux"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (Unix) or section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Windows-Install"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (Windows).
+ More detailed instructions follow below.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Configure Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options SDCC configuration
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The install paths, search paths and other options are defined when running
+ 'configure'.
+ The defaults can be overridden by:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-prefix see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-exec_prefix see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-bindir see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datadir see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datarootdir see table below
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+docdir environment variable, see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+include_dir_suffix environment variable, see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_include_dir_suffix environment variable, see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lib_dir_suffix environment variable, see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_lib_dir_suffix environment variable, see table below
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdccconf_h_dir_separator environment variable, either / or 
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+ makes sense here.
+ This character will only be used in sdccconf.h; don't forget it's a C-header,
+ therefore a double-backslash is needed there.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-mcs51-port Excludes the Intel mcs51 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-z80-port Excludes the z80 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-z180-port Excludes the z180 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-r2k-port Excludes the r2k port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-r3ka-port Excludes the r3ka port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-gbz80-port Excludes the Game Boy gbz80 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-avr-port Excludes the AVR port (disabled by default)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-ds390-port Excludes the DS390 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-hc08-port Excludes the HC08 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-s08-port Excludes the S08 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-stm8-port Excludes the STM8 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-pic-port Excludes the PIC14 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-pic16-port Excludes the PIC16 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-xa51-port Excludes the XA51 port (disabled by default)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-ucsim Disables configuring and building of ucsim
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-device-lib Disables automatically building device libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-packihx Disables building packihx
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-enable-doc Build pdf, html and txt files from the lyx sources
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-enable-libgc Use the Bohem memory allocator.
+ Lower runtime footprint.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-without-ccache Do not use ccache even if available
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Furthermore the environment variables CC, CFLAGS, ...
+ the tools and their arguments can be influenced.
+ Please see `configure -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-help' and the man/info pages of `configure' for details.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The names of the standard libraries STD_LIB, STD_INT_LIB, STD_LONG_LIB,
+ STD_FP_LIB, STD_DS390_LIB, STD_XA51_LIB and the environment variables SDCC_DIR_
+NAME, SDCC_INCLUDE_NAME, SDCC_LIB_NAME are defined by `configure' too.
+ At the moment it's not possible to change the default settings (it was
+ simply never required).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+These configure options are compiled into the binaries, and can only be
+ changed by rerunning 'configure' and recompiling SDCC.
+ The configure options are written in 
+\emph on
+italics
+\emph default
+ to distinguish them from run time environment variables (see section search
+ paths).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The settings for 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Win32 builds
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ are used by the SDCC team to build the official Win32 binaries.
+ The SDCC team uses Mingw32 to build the official Windows binaries, because
+ it's
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+open source, 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+a gcc compiler and last but not least
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+the binaries can be built by cross compiling on SDCC Distributed Compile
+ Farm.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See the examples, how to pass the Win32 settings to 'configure'.
+ The other Win32 builds using VC or whatever don't use 'configure', but
+ a header file sdcc_vc.h.in is the same as sdccconf.h built by 'configure'
+ for Win32.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+These defaults are:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Variable
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Win32 builds
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+EXEC_PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+BINDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$EXEC_PREFIX
+\emph default
+/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$EXEC_PREFIX
+\emph default
+
+\backslash
+bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+DATADIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATAROOTDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATAROOTDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+DATAROOTDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX
+\emph default
+/share
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+DOCDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATAROOTDIR
+\emph default
+/sdcc/doc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATAROOTDIR
+\emph default
+
+\backslash
+doc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+NON_FREE_INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+LIB_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+NON_FREE_LIB_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/non-free/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+non-free/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+'configure' also computes relative paths.
+ This is needed for full relocatability of a binary package and to complete
+ search paths (see section search paths below):
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Variable (computed)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Win32 builds
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+BIN2DATA_DIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+../share
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+..
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+PREFIX2BIN_DIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+PREFIX2DATA_DIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+share/sdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+./configure -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-prefix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/usr/bin
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datarootdir=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/usr/share
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+./configure -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-avr-port -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-xa51-port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To cross compile on linux for Mingw32 (see also 'sdcc/support/scripts/sdcc_mingw
+32'):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+CC=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+i586-mingw32msvc-gcc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ CXX=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+i586-mingw32msvc-g++
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+RANLIB=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+i586-mingw32msvc-ranlib
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+STRIP=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+i586-mingw32msvc-strip
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-prefix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/sdcc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datarootdir=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/sdcc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+docdir=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+${datarootdir}/doc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+include_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+include
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_include_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/include
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+lib
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_lib_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/lib
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdccconf_h_dir_separator=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-device-lib
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-host=i586-mingw32msvc
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-build=unknown-unknown-linux-gnu
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+cross
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+compile on Cygwin for Mingw32 (see also sdcc/support/scripts/sdcc_cygwin_mingw32
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure -C 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-prefix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/sdcc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datarootdir=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+/sdcc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+docdir=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+${datarootdir}/doc
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+include_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+include
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_include_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/include
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+lib
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non_free_lib_dir_suffix=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/lib
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdccconf_h_dir_separator=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+CC=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+gcc -mno-cygwin
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+CXX=
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+g++ -mno-cygwin
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+'configure' is quite slow on Cygwin (at least on windows before Win2000/XP).
+ The option '-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-C' turns on caching, which gives a little bit extra speed.
+ However if options are changed, it can be necessary to delete the config.cache
+ file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Install paths
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Install-paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Install paths
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="4.5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="4cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="4cm">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Path
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Win32 builds
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Binary files*
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$EXEC_PREFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Include files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Non-free include files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+non-free
+\backslash
+include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Library file**
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Library file**
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/non-free/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+non-free
+\backslash
+lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DOCDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/doc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+doc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\size footnotesize
+*compiler, preprocessor, assembler, and linker
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+**the 
+\shape italic
+model
+\shape default
+ is auto-appended by the compiler, e.g.
+ small, large, z80, ds390 etc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The install paths can still be changed during `make install' with e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+make install prefix=$(HOME)/local/sdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course this doesn't change the search paths compiled into the binaries.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Moreover the install path can be changed by defining DESTDIR
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DESTDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+make install DESTDIR=$(HOME)/sdcc.rpm/
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note that DESTDIR must have a trailing slash!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Search Paths
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Search path
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some search paths or parts of them are determined by configure variables
+ (in 
+\emph on
+italics
+\emph default
+, see section above).
+ Further search paths are determined by environment variables during runtime.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The paths searched when running the compiler are as follows (the first catch
+ wins):
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+1.
+ Binary files (preprocessor, assembler and linker)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Search path
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Win32 builds
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\emph on
+$PPREFIX2BIN_DIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME
+\backslash
+bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Path of argv[0] (if available)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Path of argv[0]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Path of argv[0]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$PATH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$PATH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$PATH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+2.
+ Include files
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0.5cm">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="4.8cm">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="4.8cm">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Search path
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Win32 builds
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-I dir
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-I dir
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-I dir
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_INCLUDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_INCLUDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_INCLUDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX2DATA_DIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+share/sdcc/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+\emph on
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+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/../
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\backslash
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
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+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
+\emph on
+non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc/non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME
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+non-free
+\backslash
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+\emph on
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+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+$DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+\emph on
+non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$INCLUDE_DIR_SUFFIX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+sdcc/non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+(not on Win32)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdinc disables all search paths except #1 and #2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+3.
+ Library files
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the exception of 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-L dir
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+\end_inset
+
+ the 
+\shape italic
+model
+\shape default
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+ small, large, z80, ds390 etc.).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
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+
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+\align center
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+
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+
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\backslash
+/
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+
+-L dir
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+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset ERT
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\backslash
+/
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+
+-L dir
+\end_layout
+
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB/
+\emph on
+<model>
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB/
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB/
+\emph on
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+
+\end_inset
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB
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+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_LIB
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+
+\end_inset
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+<row>
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX2DATA_DIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+share/sdcc/lib/<
+\emph on
+model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib
+\backslash
+
+\emph on
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+5
+\end_layout
+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$BIN2DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/../sdcc/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib/
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+..
+\backslash
+lib
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+6
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/sdcc/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib/
+\emph on
+<model>
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+(not on Win32)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+7
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$PREFIX2DATA_DIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME/share/sdcc/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/lib/
+\emph on
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$SDCC_HOME
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib
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+non-free
+\emph on
+
+\backslash
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
+\emph on
+$BIN2DATADIR/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])/../sdcc/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/lib/
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+path(argv[0])
+\backslash
+..
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+lib
+\backslash
+non-free
+\emph on
+
+\backslash
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+9
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+$DATADIR/non-free/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
+\emph on
+$LIB_DIR_SUFFIX/
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
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+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/usr/local/share/sdcc/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+non-free/lib/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
+\emph on
+<model>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+(not on Win32)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Don't delete any of the stray spaces in the table above without checking
+ the HTML output (last line)!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdlib disables all search paths except #1 and #2.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Building SDCC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Building SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Building SDCC on Linux
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Building-SDCC-on-Linux"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Download the source package
+\series default
+ either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from snapshot builds
+\series medium
+, it will be named something like sdcc
+\series default
+-src
+\series medium
+-yyyymmdd-rrrr.t
+\series default
+ar.
+\series medium
+bz2
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Bring up a command line terminal, such as xterm.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Unpack the file using a command like:
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"tar -xvjf sdcc-src-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series medium
+, this will create a sub-directory called sdcc with all of the sources.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Change directory into the main SDCC directory, for example type: 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"cd sdcc
+\series default
+".
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Type
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"./configure
+\family default
+\series default
+".
+ This configures the package for compilation on your system.
+ When the treedec library is available, it should be found and used automaticall
+y (improving the compilation time / code quality trade-off).
+ As of SDCC 3.7.0, the current develop branch from https://github.com/freetdi/tdlib
+ is a suitable version of treedec.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Type
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"make
+\family default
+\series default
+"
+\series medium
+.
+
+\series default
+ All of the source packages will compile, this can take a while.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series medium
+Type
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"make install"
+\family default
+\series default
+ as root
+\series medium
+.
+
+\series default
+ This copies the binary executables, the include files, the libraries and
+ the documentation to the install directories.
+ Proceed with section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Testing-the-SDCC"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Building SDCC on Mac OS X
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Follow the instruction for Linux.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+On Mac OS X 10.2.x it was reported, that the default gcc (version 3.1 20020420
+ (prerelease)) fails to compile SDCC.
+ Fortunately there's also gcc 2.9.x installed, which works fine.
+ This compiler can be selected by running 'configure' with:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure CC=gcc2 CXX=g++2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Universal (ppc and i386) binaries can be produced on Mac OS X 10.4.x with
+ Xcode.
+ Run 'configure' with:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure 
+\backslash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+LDFLAGS="-Wl,-syslibroot,/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -arch i386 -arch
+ ppc" 
+\backslash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CXXFLAGS = "-O2 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -arch i386 -arch
+ ppc" 
+\backslash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CFLAGS = "-O2 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -arch i386 -arch ppc"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross compiling SDCC on Linux for Windows
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the Mingw32 gcc cross compiler it's easy to compile SDCC for Win32.
+ See section 'Configure Options'.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Building SDCC using Cygwin and Mingw32
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For building and installing a Cygwin executable follow the instructions
+ for Linux.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+On Cygwin a 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+native
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ Win32-binary can be built, which will not need the Cygwin-DLL.
+ For the necessary 'configure' options see section 'configure options' or
+ the script 'sdcc/support/scripts/sdcc_cygwin_mingw32'.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+In order to install Cygwin on Windows download setup.exe from www.cygwin.com
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.cygwin.com/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Run it, set the 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+default text file type
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ to 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+unix
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ and download/install at least the following packages.
+ Some packages are selected by default, others will be automatically selected
+ because of dependencies with the manually selected packages.
+ Never deselect these packages!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+flex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+bison
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+gcc ; version 3.x is fine, no need to use the old 2.9x
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+binutils ; selected with gcc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+make
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+libboost-dev
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+rxvt ; a nice console, which makes life much easier under windoze (see below)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+man ; not really needed for building SDCC, but you'll miss it sooner or
+ later
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+less ; not really needed for building SDCC, but you'll miss it sooner or
+ later
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+svn ; only if you use Subversion access
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to develop something you'll need:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+python ; for the regression tests
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+gdb ; the gnu debugger, together with the nice GUI 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+insight
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+openssh ; to access the CF or commit changes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+autoconf and autoconf-devel ; if you want to fight with 'configure', don't
+ use autoconf-stable!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+rxvt is a nice console with history.
+ Replace in your cygwin.bat the line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+bash -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-login -i 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+with (one line):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+rxvt -sl 1000 -fn "Lucida Console-12" -sr -cr red
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+     -bg black -fg white -geometry 100x65 -e bash -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-login
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Text selected with the mouse is automatically copied to the clipboard, pasting
+ works with shift-insert.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The other good tip is to make sure you have no //c/-style paths anywhere,
+ use /cygdrive/c/ instead.
+ Using // invokes a network lookup which is very slow.
+ If you think 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+cygdrive
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ is too long, you can change it with e.g.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+mount -s -u -c /mnt
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC sources use the unix line ending LF.
+ Life is much easier, if you store the source tree on a drive which is mounted
+ in binary mode.
+ And use an editor which can handle LF-only line endings.
+ Make sure not to commit files with windows line endings.
+ The tabulator spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+tabulator spacing (8 columns)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ used in the project is 8.
+ Although a tabulator spacing of 8 is a sensible choice for programmers
+ (it's a power of 2 and allows to display 8/16 bit signed variables without
+ loosing columns) the plan is to move towards using only spaces in the source.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Building SDCC Using Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 (MSVC)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series medium
+Download the source package
+\series default
+ either from the SDCC Subversion repository or from the snapshot builds
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+, it will be named something like sdcc
+\series default
+-src
+\series medium
+-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2.
+
+\series default
+ SDCC is distributed with all the project, solution and other files you
+ need to build it using Visual C++ 2010 (except for ucSim).
+ The solution name is 'sdcc.sln'.
+ Please note that as it is now, all the executables are created in a folder
+ called sdcc
+\backslash
+bin_vc.
+ Once built you need to copy the executables from sdcc
+\backslash
+bin_vc to sdcc
+\backslash
+bin before running SDCC.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Apart from the SDCC sources you also need to have the BOOST libraries installed
+ for MSVC.
+ Get it here 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.boost.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+In order to build SDCC with MSVC you need win32 executables of bison.exe,
+ flex.exe, and gawk.exe.
+ One good place to get them is here 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If UnxUtils didn't work well, 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+msys
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+msys (
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.mingw.org/wiki/msys
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) or msys2
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+msys2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://msys2.github.io
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) can be an alternative.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Download the file UnxUtils
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+UnxUtils
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.zip.
+ Now you have to install the utilities and setup MSVC so it can locate the
+ required programs.
+ Here there are two alternatives (choose one!):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The easy way:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+a) Extract UnxUtils.zip to your C:
+\backslash
+ hard disk PRESERVING the original paths, otherwise bison won't work.
+ (If you are using WinZip make certain that 'Use folder names' is selected)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+b) Add 'C:
+\backslash
+user
+\backslash
+local
+\backslash
+wbin' to VC++ Directories / Executable Directories.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(As a side effect, you get a bunch of Unix utilities that could be useful,
+ such as diff and patch.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+A more compact way:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This one avoids extracting a bunch of files you may not use, but requires
+ some extra work:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+a) Create a directory were to put the tools needed, or use a directory already
+ present.
+ Say for example 'C:
+\backslash
+util'.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+b) Extract 'bison.exe', 'bison.hairy', 'bison.simple', 'flex.exe', and gawk.exe
+ to such directory WITHOUT preserving the original paths.
+ (If you are using WinZip make certain that 'Use folder names' is not selected)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+c) Rename bison.exe to '_bison.exe'.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+d) Create a batch file 'bison.bat' in 'C:
+\backslash
+util
+\backslash
+' and add these lines:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+set BISON_SIMPLE=C:
+\backslash
+util
+\backslash
+bison.simple 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+set BISON_HAIRY=C:
+\backslash
+util
+\backslash
+bison.hairy
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_bison %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Steps 'c' and 'd' are needed because bison requires by default that the
+ files 'bison.simple' and 'bison.hairy' reside in some weird Unix directory,
+ '/usr/local/share/' I think.
+ So it is necessary to tell bison where those files are located if they
+ are not in such directory.
+ That is the function of the environment variables BISON_SIMPLE and BISON_HAIRY.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+e) Add 'C:
+\backslash
+util' to VC++ Directories / Executable Directories.
+ Note that you can use any other path instead of 'C:
+\backslash
+util', even the path where the Visual C++ tools are, probably: 'C:
+\backslash
+Program Files
+\backslash
+Microsoft Visual Studio
+\backslash
+Common
+\backslash
+Tools'.
+ So you don't have to execute step 'e' :)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That is it.
+ Open 'sdcc.sln' in Visual Studio, click 'build all', when it finishes copy
+ the executables from sdcc
+\backslash
+bin_vc to sdcc
+\backslash
+bin, and you can compile using SDCC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Windows Install Using a ZIP Package
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Download the binary zip package from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sf.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and unpack it using your favorite unpacking tool (gunzip, WinZip, etc).
+ This should unpack to a group of sub-directories.
+ An example directory structure after unpacking the mingw32 package is:
+ C:
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+bin for the executables, C:
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+include and C:
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+lib for the include and libraries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Adjust your environment variable PATH to include the location of the bin
+ directory or start sdcc using the full path.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Windows Install Using the Setup Program
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Windows-Install"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Download the setup program 
+\emph on
+sdcc-x.y.z-setup.exe
+\emph default
+ for an official release from
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdcc/files/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or a setup program for one of the snapshots 
+\emph on
+sdcc-yyyymmdd-xxxx-setup.exe
+\emph default
+ from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and execute it.
+ A windows typical installer will guide you through the installation process.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+VPATH
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+VPATH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ feature
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports the VPATH feature provided by configure and make.
+ It allows to separate the source and build trees.
+ Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+cd ~
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+# cd $HOME
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+tar -xjf sdcc-src-yyyymmdd-rrrr.tar.bz2
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+# extract source to directory sdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+mkdir sdcc.build
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+# put output in sdcc.build
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+cd sdcc.build
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+../sdcc/configure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+# configure is doing all the magic!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+make
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+That's it! 
+\series bold
+configure
+\series default
+ will create the directory tree will all the necessary Makefiles in ~/sdcc.build.
+ It automagically computes the variables srcdir, top_srcdir and top_buildir
+ for each directory.
+ After running 
+\series bold
+make
+\series default
+ the generated files will be in ~/sdcc.build, while the source files stay
+ in ~/sdcc.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is not only usefull for building different binaries, e.g.
+ when cross compiling.
+ It also gives you a much better overview in the source tree when all the
+ generated files are not scattered between the source files.
+ And the best thing is: if you want to change a file you can leave the original
+ file untouched in the source directory.
+ Simply copy it to the build directory, edit it, enter `make clean', `rm
+ Makefile.dep' and `make'.
+ 
+\series bold
+make
+\series default
+ will do the rest for you!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Building the Documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Add -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-enable-doc to the configure arguments to build the documentation together
+ with all the other stuff.
+ You will need several tools (\SpecialChar LyX
+, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+2HTML, pdflatex, dvipdf, dvips and makeindex)
+ to get the job done.
+ Another possibility is to change to the doc directory and to type 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+make
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ there.
+ You're invited to make changes and additions to this manual (sdcc/doc/sdccman.ly
+x).
+ Using \SpecialChar LyX
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ as editor is straightforward.
+ Prebuilt documentation is available from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Reading the Documentation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently reading the document in pdf format is recommended, as for unknown
+ reason the hyperlinks are working there whereas in the html version they
+ are not
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you should know why please drop us a note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You'll find the pdf version
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF version of this document
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/doc/sdccman.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This documentation is in some aspects different from a commercial documentation:
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+It tries to document SDCC for several processor architectures in one document
+ (commercially these probably would be separate documents/products).
+ This document
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Status of documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ currently matches SDCC for mcs51 and DS390 best and does give too few informati
+on about f.e.
+ Z80, PIC14, PIC16 and HC08.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are many references pointing away from this documentation.
+ Don't let this distract you.
+ If there f.e.
+ was a reference like 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.opencores.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ together with a statement 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+some processors which are targeted by SDCC can be implemented in a 
+\emph on
+f
+\emph default
+ield 
+\emph on
+p
+\emph default
+rogrammable 
+\emph on
+g
+\emph default
+ate 
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+rray
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FPGA (field programmable gate array)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ or 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/fpgac/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FpgaC ((subset of) C to FPGA compiler)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+have you ever heard of an open source compiler that compiles a subset of
+ C for an FPGA?
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ we expect you to have a quick look there and come back.
+ If you read this you are on the right track.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Some sections attribute more space to problems, restrictions and warnings
+ than to the solution.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The installation section and the section about the debugger is intimidating.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are still lots of typos and there are more different writing styles
+ than pictures.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Testing the SDCC Compiler
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Testing-the-SDCC"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The first thing you should do after installing your SDCC compiler is to
+ see if it runs.
+ Type 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sdcc -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-version"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+version
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ at the prompt, and the program should run and output its version like:
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+SDCC : mcs51/z80/avr/ds390/pic16/pic14/ds400/hc08 2.5.6 #4169 (May 8 2006)
+ (UNIX)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If it doesn't run, or gives a message about not finding sdcc program, then
+ you need to check over your installation.
+ Make sure that the sdcc bin directory is in your executable search path
+ defined by the PATH environment setting (
+\series medium
+see
+\series default
+ section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Install-Trouble-shooting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+Install trouble-shooting for suggestions
+\series default
+).
+ Make sure that the sdcc program is in the bin folder, if not perhaps something
+ did not install correctly.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+SDCC
+\series default
+ is commonly installed as described in section 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Install and search paths
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+Make sure the compiler works on a very simple example.
+ Type in the following test.c program using your favorite
+\series default
+ ASCII 
+\series medium
+editor:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+char test;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void main(void) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+test=0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series medium
+Compile this using the following command:
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sdcc -c test.c".
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\series medium
+If all goes well, the compiler will generate a test.asm and test.rel file.
+ Congratulations, you've just compiled your first program with SDCC.
+ We used the -c option to tell SDCC not to link the generated code, just
+ to keep things simple for this step.
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+The next step is to try it with the linker.
+ Type in
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sdcc test.c
+\family default
+\series default
+"
+\series medium
+.
+ If all goes well the compiler will link with the libraries and produce
+ a test.ihx output file.
+ If this step fails
+\series default
+ 
+\series medium
+(no test.ihx, and the linker generates warnings), then the problem is most
+ likely that
+\series default
+ SDCC 
+\series medium
+cannot find the
+\series default
+ /
+\series medium
+usr/local/share/sdcc/lib directory
+\series default
+ 
+\series medium
+(see
+\series default
+ section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Install-Trouble-shooting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+Install trouble-shooting for suggestions).
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+The final test is to ensure
+\series default
+ SDCC 
+\series medium
+can use the
+\series default
+ standard 
+\series medium
+header files and libraries.
+ Edit test.c and change it to the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#include <string.h>
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+char str1[10];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void main(void) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+strcpy(str1, "testing");
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series medium
+Compile this by typing
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sdcc test.c"
+\family default
+\series medium
+.
+ This should generate a test.ihx output file, and it should give no warnings
+ such as not finding the string.h file.
+ If it cannot find the string.h file, then the problem is that
+\series default
+ SDCC 
+\series medium
+cannot find the /usr/local/share/sdcc/include directory
+\series default
+ 
+\series medium
+(see the
+\series default
+ section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Install-Trouble-shooting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series medium
+Install trouble-shooting section for suggestions).
+
+\series default
+ Use option 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-print-search-dirs
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-print-search-dirs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to find exactly where SDCC is looking for the include and lib files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Install Trouble-shooting
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Install-Trouble-shooting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Install trouble-shooting
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+If SDCC does not build correctly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A thing to try is starting from scratch by unpacking the .tgz source package
+ again in an empty directory.
+ Configure it like:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+./configure 2>&1 | tee configure.log
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+and build it like:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+make 2>&1 | tee make.log
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If anything goes wrong, you can review the log files to locate the problem.
+ Or a relevant part of this can be attached to an email that could be helpful
+ when requesting help from the mailing list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What the 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+./configure
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ does
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+./configure
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ command is a script that analyzes your system and performs some configuration
+ to ensure the source package compiles on your system.
+ It will take a few minutes to run, and will compile a few tests to determine
+ what compiler features are installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What the 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+make
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ does
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This runs the GNU make tool, which automatically compiles all the source
+ packages into the final installed binary executables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What the 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+make install
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ command does.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This will install the compiler, other executables libraries and include
+ files into the appropriate directories.
+ See sections 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Install-paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+about install and search paths.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+On most systems you will need super-user privileges to do this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Components of SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC is not just a compiler, but a collection of tools by various developers.
+ These include linkers, assemblers, simulators and other components.
+ Here is a summary of some of the components.
+ Note that the included simulator and assembler have separate documentation
+ which you can find in the source package in their respective directories.
+ As SDCC grows to include support for other processors, other packages from
+ various developers are included and may have their own sets of documentation.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You might want to look at the files which are installed in <installdir>.
+ At the time of this writing, we find the following programs for gcc-builds:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+In <installdir>/bin:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcc - The compiler.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcpp - The C preprocessor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdas8051 - The assembler for 8051 type processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdas390 - The assembler for DS80C390 processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdasz80
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+ sdasgb - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 assemblers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdas6808 - The 6808 assembler.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdasstm8 - The STM8 assembler.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdld -The linker for 8051 and STM8 type processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdldz80
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+ sdldgb - The Z80 and GameBoy Z80 linkers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdld6808 - The 6808 linker.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+s51 - The ucSim 8051 simulator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sz80 - The ucSim Z80 simulator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+shc08 - The ucSim 6808 simulator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sstm8 - The ucSim STM8 simulator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcdb - The source debugger.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdar, sdranlib, sdnm, sdobjcopy - The sdcc archive managing and indexing
+ utilites.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+packihx - A tool to pack (compress) Intel hex files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+makebin - A tool to convert Intel Hex file to a binary and GameBoy binary
+ image file format.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In <installdir>/share/sdcc/include
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the include files
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In <installdir>/share/sdcc/non-free/include
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the non-free include files
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In <installdir>/share/sdcc/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the src and target subdirectories with the precompiled relocatables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In <installdir>/share/sdcc/non-free/lib
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the src and target subdirectories with the non-free precompiled relocatables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In <installdir>/share/sdcc/doc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+sdcc - The Compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is the actual compiler, it in turn uses the c-preprocessor and invokes
+ the assembler and linkage editor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+sdcpp - The C-Preprocessor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preprocessor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The preprocessor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcpp (preprocessor)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a modified version of the GNU cpp
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cpp|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sdcpp
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ preprocessor 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://gcc.gnu.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The C preprocessor is used to pull in #include sources, process #ifdef
+ statements, #defines and so on.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+sdas, sdld - The Assemblers and Linkage Editors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a set of retargettable assemblers and linkage editors, which was
+ developed by Alan Baldwin.
+ John Hartman created the version for 8051, and I (Sandeep) have made some
+ enhancements and bug fixes for it to work properly with SDCC.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC used an about 1998 branch of asxxxx version 2.0 which unfortunately
+ is not compatible with the more advanced (f.e.
+ macros, more targets) ASxxxx Cross Assemblers nowadays available from Alan
+ Baldwin 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://shop-pdp.kent.edu/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In 2009 Alan made his ASxxxx Cross Assemblers version 5.0 available under
+ the GPL license (GPLv3 or later), so a reunion is now a work in progress.
+ Thanks Alan!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+s51, sz80, shc08, sstm8 - The Simulators
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+s51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+s51 (simulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, sz80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sz80 (simulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shc08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+shc08 (simulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and sstm8 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sstm8 (simulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are free open source simulators developed by Daniel Drotos.
+ The simulators are built as part of the build process.
+ For more information visit Daniel's web site at: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mazsola.iit.uni-miskolc.hu/~drdani/embedded/s51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It currently supports the core mcs51, the Dallas DS80C390, the Phillips
+ XA51 family, the Z80, 6808 and the STM8.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+sdcdb - Source Level Debugger
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCDB
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCDB (debugger)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is the companion source level debugger.
+ More about SDCDB in section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The current version of the debugger uses Daniel's Simulator S51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+s51 (simulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, but can be easily changed to use other simulators.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Using SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Standard-Compliance
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Standard-compliance
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Standard-Compliance"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC aims to be a conforming freestanding implementation of the C programming
+ language.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+ISO C90 and ANSI C89
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Use 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ to compile in this mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The latest publicly available version of the standard 
+\emph on
+ISO/IEC 9899 - Programming languages - C
+\emph default
+ should be available at: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards.html#9899
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Deviations from standard compliance:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+structures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+struct
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and unions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+union
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ cannot be passed as function parameters and cannot be a return value
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+return value
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ from a function, e.g.:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+struct s { ...
+ };
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+struct
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+s foo1 (
+\series bold
+struct
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+s parms) /* invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+struct s rets;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return rets; /* is invalid in SDCC although allowed in ANSI */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+initialization of structure arrays must be fully braced.
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+struct s { char x } a[] = {1, 2};
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* invalid in SDCC */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+struct s { char x } a[] = {{1}, {2}}; /* OK */
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+'double
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+double (not supported)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+' precision floating point 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+not supported.
+ Instead a warning is emitted, and float is used instead.
+ long double is not supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Old K&R style
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+K
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+&
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+R style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ function declarations are not supported.
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+foo(i,j) /* this old style of function declarations */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int i,j; /* is valid in ANSI but not valid in SDCC */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some features of this standard are not supported in some ports:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Functions are not reentrant unless explicitly declared as such or 
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+--
+\series default
+stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ is specified in the mcs51, ds390, hc08 and s08 ports.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+ISO C95
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Use 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c95
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c95
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ to compile in this mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Except for the issues mentioned in the section above, this standard is supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+ISO C99
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Use 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ to compile in this mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In addition to what is mentioned in the section above, the following features
+ of this standard are not supported by SDCC:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Compound literals.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Variable-length arrays.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some features of this standard are not supported in some ports:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There is no support for data types long long, unsigned long long, int_fast64_t,
+ int_least64_t, int64_t, uint_fast64_t, uint_least64_t, uint64_t in the
+ pic14 and pic16 ports.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+ISO C11 and ISO C17
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Use 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c11
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c11
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ to compile in this mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Except for the issues mentioned in the section above, this standard is supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+ISO C2X
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Use 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c2x
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c2x
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ to compile in this mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Standard and support are still quite incomplete.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Embedded C
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports named address spaces.
+ The support for fixed-point math in SDCC is inconsistent with the standard.
+ Other parts of the standard are not supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Compiling
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Single Source File Projects
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For single source file 8051 projects the process is very simple.
+ Compile your programs with the following command 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+"sdcc sourcefile.c".
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ This will compile, assemble and link your source file.
+ Output files are as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Assembler source
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler source
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file created by the compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.lst
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.lst
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Assembler listing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler listing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file created by the Assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.rst
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.rst
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Assembler listing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler listing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file updated with linkedit information, created by linkage editor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.sym
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.sym
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - symbol listing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbol listing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for the sourcefile, created by the assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.rel
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.rel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Object file
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Object file
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ created by the assembler, input to Linkage editor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.map
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - The memory map
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for the load module, created by the Linker
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.mem
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.mem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - A file with a summary of the memory usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.ihx
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.ihx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - The load module in Intel hex format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel hex format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (you can select the Motorola S19 format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Motorola S19 format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-s19
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-s19
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you need another format you might want to use 
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+objdump
+\family default
+\shape default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+objdump (tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or 
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+srecord
+\family default
+\shape default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+srecord (bin, hex, ...
+ tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+hyperlinks needed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - see also section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "subsec:Postprocessing-the-Intel"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Both formats are documented in the documentation of srecord
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+srecord (bin, hex, ...
+ tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.adb
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.adb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - An intermediate file containing debug information needed to create the
+ .cdb file (with -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.cdb
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.cdb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - An optional file (with -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug) containing debug information.
+ The format is documented in cdbfileformat.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.omf
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.omf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - An optional AOMF or AOMF51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AOMF, AOMF51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "OMF file"
+
+\end_inset
+
+file containing debug information (generated with option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug).
+ The (Intel) 
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+bsolute 
+\emph on
+o
+\emph default
+bject 
+\emph on
+m
+\emph default
+odule 
+\emph on
+f
+\emph default
+ormat is a subformat of the OMF51 format and is commonly used by third party
+ tools (debuggers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Debugger
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, simulators, emulators).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sourcefile.dump*
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.dump*
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Dump file to debug the compiler it self (generated with option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dumpall) (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Intermediate-Dump-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ and section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-anatomy-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Anatomy of the compiler
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Postprocessing the Intel Hex
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel hex format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Postprocessing-the-Intel"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In most cases this won't be needed but the Intel Hex file
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.ihx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which is generated by SDCC might include lines of varying length and the
+ addresses within the file are not guaranteed to be strictly ascending.
+ If your toolchain or a bootloader does not like this you can use the tool
+ 
+\family typewriter
+packihx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+packihx (tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which is part of the SDCC distribution: 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+packihx sourcefile.ihx >sourcefile.hex
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The separately available 
+\emph on
+srecord
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+srecord (bin, hex, ...
+ tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ package additionally allows to set undefined locations to a predefined
+ value, to insert checksums
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+checksum
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of various flavours (crc, add, xor) and to perform other manipulations
+ (convert, split, crop, offset, ...).
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+srec_cat
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sourcefile.ihx -intel
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-o sourcefile.hex -intel
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+An example for a more complex command line
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+the command backfills
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+backfill unused memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ unused memory with 0x12 and the overall 16 bit sum of the complete 64 kByte
+ block is zero.
+ If the program counter on an mcs51 runs wild the backfill pattern 0x12
+ will be interpreted as an 
+\family typewriter
+lcall
+\family default
+ to address 
+\family typewriter
+0x1212
+\family default
+ (where an emergency routine could sit).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ could look like:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+srec_cat
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sourcefile.ihx -intel
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-fill 0x12 0x0000 0xfffe
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-little-endian-checksum-negative 0xfffe 0x02 0x02
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-o sourcefile.hex -intel
+\size default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+The srecord package is available at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/srecord/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Projects with Multiple Source Files
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC can compile only ONE file at a time.
+ Let us for example assume that you have a project containing the following
+ files:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+foo1.c (contains some functions)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+foo2.c (contains some more functions)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+foomain.c (contains more functions and the function main)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+The first two files will need to be compiled separately with the commands:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foo1.c
+\family default
+\series default
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+\size default
+sdcc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foo2.c
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Then compile the source file containing the 
+\emph on
+main()
+\emph default
+ function and link
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the files together with the following command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foomain.c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foo1.rel
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foo2.rel
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.rel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Alternatively, 
+\emph on
+foomain.c
+\emph default
+ can be separately compiled as well:
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foomain.c
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc foomain.rel foo1.rel foo2.rel
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+The file containing the 
+\emph on
+main()
+\emph default
+ function 
+\noun on
+must
+\noun default
+ be the 
+\noun on
+first
+\noun default
+ file specified in the command line, since the linkage editor processes
+ file in the order they are presented to it.
+ The linker is invoked from SDCC using a script file with extension .lnk
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.lnk
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can view this file to troubleshoot linking problems such as those arising
+ from missing libraries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Projects with Additional Libraries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some reusable routines may be compiled into a library, see the documentation
+ for the assembler and linkage editor (which are in <installdir>/share/sdcc/doc)
+ for how to create a 
+\emph on
+.lib
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ library file.
+ Libraries created in this manner can be included in the command line.
+ Make sure you include the -L <library-path> option to tell the linker where
+ to look for these files if they are not in the current directory.
+ Here is an example, assuming you have the source file 
+\emph on
+foomain.c
+\emph default
+ and a library 
+\emph on
+foolib.lib
+\emph default
+ in the directory 
+\emph on
+mylib
+\emph default
+ (if that is not the same as your current project):
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc foomain.c foolib.lib -L mylib
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+Note here that 
+\emph on
+mylib
+\emph default
+ must be an absolute path name.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The most efficient way to use libraries is to keep separate modules in separate
+ source files.
+ The lib file now should name all the modules.rel
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.rel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ files.
+ For an example see the standard library file 
+\emph on
+libsdcc.lib
+\emph default
+ in the directory <installdir>/share/lib/small.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using sdar to Create and Manage Libraries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Using-sdar-to"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Support for sdar format libraries was introduced in SDCC 2.9.0.
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+Both the GNU and BSD ar format variants are supported by sdld linkers.
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+To create a library containing sdas object files, you should use the following
+ sequence:
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdar -rc <library name>.lib <list of .rel files>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Command Line Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command Line Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Command-Line-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Processor Selection Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options processor selection
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Processor selection options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mmcs51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mmcs51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Intel MCS51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family of processors.
+ This is the default processor target.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mds390
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mds390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Dallas DS80C390
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS80C390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mds400
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mds400
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Dallas DS80C400
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS80C400
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mhc08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mhc08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Freescale/Motorola HC08 (aka 68HC08) 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-ms08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-ms08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Freescale/Motorola S08 (aka 68HCS08, HCS08, CS08)
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mz80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mz80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Zilog Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mz180
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mz180
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Zilog Z180
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z180
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mr2k
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mr2k
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Rabbit 2000 / Rabbit 3000 family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mr3ka
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mr3ka
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Rabbit 3000A family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mgbz80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mgbz80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the LR35902 GameBoy Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mtlcs90
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mtlcs90
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Toshiba TLCS-90 processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mez80_z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mez80_z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Zilog eZ80 processor in Z80 mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mstm8
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mstm8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the STMicroelectronics STM8 family of processors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mpdk14
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mpdk14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for Padauk processors with 14 bit wide program memory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mpdk15
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mpdk15
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for Padauk processors with 15 bit wide program memory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mpic14
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mpic14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Microchip PIC 14
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-bit processors (p16f84 and variants.
+ In development, not complete).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+p16f627 p16f628 p16f84 p16f873 p16f877?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-mpic16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-mpic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for the Microchip PIC 16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-bit processors (p18f452 and variants.
+ In development, not complete).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC inspects the program name it was called with so the processor family
+ can also be selected by renaming the sdcc binary (to f.e.
+ z80-sdcc) or by calling SDCC from a suitable link.
+ Option -m has higher priority than setting from program name.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preprocessor Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options preprocessor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preprocessor!Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcpp (preprocessor)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC uses 
+\shape italic
+sdcpp
+\shape default
+, an adapted version of the GNU Compiler Collection
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gcc (GNU Compiler Collection)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ preprocessor 
+\emph on
+cpp
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cpp|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sdcpp
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\emph on
+gcc
+\emph default
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://gcc.gnu.org/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ If you need more dedicated options than those listed below please refer
+ to the GCC
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+CPP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Manual at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/onlinedocs/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-I<path>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-I<path>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ The additional location where the preprocessor will look for <..h> or 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+..h
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-D<macro[=value]>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-D<macro[=value]>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Command line definition of macros.
+ Passed to the preprocessor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-M
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Tell the preprocessor to output a rule suitable for make describing the
+ dependencies of each object file.
+ For each source file, the preprocessor outputs one make-rule whose target
+ is the object file name for that source file and whose dependencies are
+ all the files `#include'd in it.
+ This rule may be a single line or may be continued with `
+\backslash
+'-newline if it is long.
+ The list of rules is printed on standard output instead of the preprocessed
+ C program.
+ `-M' implies `-E
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-E
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+'.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-C
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Tell the preprocessor not to discard comments.
+ Used with the `-E' option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-MM
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-MM
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Like `-M' but the output mentions only the user header files included with
+ `#include 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+file"'.
+ System header files included with `#include <file>' are omitted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-Aquestion(answer)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-Aquestion(answer)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Assert the answer answer for question, in case it is tested with a preprocessor
+ conditional such as `#if #question(answer)'.
+ `-A-' disables the standard assertions that normally describe the target
+ machine.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-Umacro
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-Umacro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Undefine macro macro.
+ `-U' options are evaluated after all `-D' options, but before any `-include'
+ and `-imacros' options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-dM
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-dM
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Tell the preprocessor to output only a list of the macro definitions that
+ are in effect at the end of preprocessing.
+ Used with the `-E' option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-dD
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-dD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Tell the preprocessor to pass all macro definitions into the output, in
+ their proper sequence in the rest of the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-dN
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-dN
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Like `-dD' except that the macro arguments and contents are omitted.
+ Only `#define name' is included in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-pedantic-parse-number
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-pedantic-parse-number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+\bar under
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-pedantic-parse-number"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\bar default
+ 
+\size default
+Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed properly
+ and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
+ See also #pragma pedantic_parse_number 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:pedantic_parse_number"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\emph on
+Note: this functionality is not in conformance with C99 standard!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-Wp
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preprocessorOption[,preprocessorOption]
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-Wp preprocessorOption[,preprocessorOption]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ Pass the preprocessorOption to the preprocessor 
+\family typewriter
+sdcpp
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcpp (preprocessor)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Optimization Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options optimization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Optimization options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nogcse
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nogcse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Will not do global common subexpression elimination, this option may be
+ used when the compiler creates undesirably large stack/data spaces to store
+ compiler temporaries (
+\emph on
+s
+\emph default
+pill 
+\emph on
+loc
+\emph default
+ations, sloc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sloc (spill location)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ A warning message will be generated when this happens and the compiler
+ will indicate the number of extra bytes it allocated.
+ It is recommended that this option NOT be used, #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nogcse
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nogcse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used to turn off global subexpression elimination
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subexpression elimination
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a given function only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noinvariant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noinvariant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Will not do loop invariant optimizations, this may be turned off for reasons
+ explained for the previous option.
+ For more details of loop optimizations performed see Loop Invariants in
+ section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Loop-Optimizations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is recommended that this option NOT be used, #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+noinvariant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinvariant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used to turn off invariant optimizations for a given function only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noinduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noinduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Will not do loop induction optimizations, see section strength reduction
+ for more details.
+ It is recommended that this option is NOT used, #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+noinduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used to turn off induction optimizations for a given function only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noloopreverse
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noloopreverse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Will not do loop reversal 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loop reversing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+optimization.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+nolabelopt
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nolabelopt 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Will not optimize labels (makes the dumpfiles more readable).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-xinit-opt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-xinit-opt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Will not memcpy initialized data from code space into xdata space.
+ This saves a few bytes in code space if you don't have initialized data
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Variable initialization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nooverlay
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nooverlay
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+  The compiler will not overlay parameters and local variables of any function,
+ see section Parameters and local variables for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Disable peep-hole optimization with built-in rules.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<filename> This option can be used to use additional rules to be used by
+ the peep hole optimizer.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Peephole-Optimizer"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Peep Hole optimizations for details on how to write these rules.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Pass the inline assembler code through the peep hole optimizer.
+ This can cause unexpected changes to inline assembler code, please go through
+ the peephole optimizer
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Peephole optimizer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ rules defined in the source file tree '<target>/peeph.def' before using
+ this option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-return
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-return
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Let the peep hole optimizer do return optimizations.
+ This is the default without 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series default
+debug
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep-return
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep-return
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Do not let the peep hole optimizer do return optimizations.
+ This is the default with 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series default
+debug
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-opt-code-speed
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-opt-code-speed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ The compiler will optimize code generation towards fast code, possibly
+ at the expense of code size.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-opt-code-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-opt-code-size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ The compiler will optimize code generation towards compact code, possibly
+ at the expense of code speed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+fomit-frame-pointer
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fomit-frame-pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Frame pointer will be omitted when the function uses no local variables.
+ On the z80-related ports this option will result in the frame pointer always
+ being omitted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+max-allocs-per-node
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-max-allocs-per-node
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Setting this to a high value will result in increased compilation time
+ and more optimized code being generated.
+ Setting it to lower values speed up compilation, but does not optimize
+ as much.
+ The default value is 3000.
+ This option currently only affects the hc08, s08, z80, z180, r2k, r3ka
+ and gbz80 ports.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+nolospre
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nolospre
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Disable lospre.
+ lospre is an advanced redundancy elimination technique, essentially an
+ improved variant of global subexpression elimination.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+allow-unsafe-read
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-allow-unsafe-read
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Allow optimizations to generate unsafe reads.
+ This will enable additional optimizations, but can result in spurious reads
+ from undefined memory addresses, which can be harmful if the target system
+ uses certain ways of doing memory-mapped I/O.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\series bold
+nostdlibcall
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdlibcall
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Disable the optimization of calls to the standard library.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options other
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-v
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-version
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-version
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-v
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ displays the sdcc version.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-compile-only
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-compile-only
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ will compile and assemble the source, but will not call the linkage editor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+-c1mode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-c1mode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ reads the preprocessed source from standard input and compiles it.
+ The file name for the assembler output must be specified using the -o option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-E
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-E
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Run only the C preprocessor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preprocessor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Preprocess all the C source files specified and output the results to standard
+ output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-o
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<path/file>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-o <path/file>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ The output path where everything will be placed or the file name used for
+ all generated output files.
+ If the parameter is a path, it must have a trailing slash (or backslash
+ for the Windows binaries) to be recognized as a path.
+ Note for Windows users: if the path contains spaces, it should be surrounded
+ by quotes.
+ The trailing backslash should be doubled in order to prevent escaping the
+ final quote, for example: 
+\emph on
+-o 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:
+\backslash
+Projects
+\backslash
+test3
+\backslash
+output 1
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ or put after the final quote, for example: 
+\emph on
+-o 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:
+\backslash
+Projects
+\backslash
+test3
+\backslash
+output 1
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\emph default
+.
+ The path using slashes for directory delimiters can be used too, for example:
+ 
+\emph on
+-o 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+F:/Projects/test3/output 1/
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+All functions in the source file will be compiled as 
+\emph on
+reentrant
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, i.e.
+ the parameters and local variables will be allocated on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Parameters and Local Variables for more details.
+ If this option is used all source files in the project should be compiled
+ with this option.
+ It automatically implies -
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+-int-long-reent and -
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+-float-reent.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]..."
+
+\end_inset
+
+function1[,function2][,function3]....
+
+\series default
+ The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register saving
+ across function calls, however this can cause unnecessary register pushing
+ and popping when calling small functions from larger functions.
+ This option can be used to switch the register saving convention for the
+ function names specified.
+ The compiler will not save registers when calling these functions, no extra
+ code will be generated at the entry and exit (function prologue
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function prologue
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ and epilogue
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function epilogue
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+) for these functions to save and restore the registers used by these functions,
+ this can SUBSTANTIALLY reduce code and improve run time performance of
+ the generated code.
+ In the future the compiler (with inter procedural analysis) will be able
+ to determine the appropriate scheme to use for each function call.
+ DO NOT use this option for built-in functions such as _mulint..., if this
+ option is used for a library function the appropriate library function
+ needs to be recompiled with the same option.
+ If the project consists of multiple source files then all the source file
+ should be compiled with the same -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves option string.
+ Also see #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+callee_saves 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma callee
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Function of -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves will be applied to all functions by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\series default
+When this option is used the compiler will generate debug information.
+ The debug information collected in a file with .cdb extension can be used
+ with the SDCDB.
+ For more information see documentation for SDCDB.
+ Another file with a .omf extension contains debug information in AOMF or
+ AOMF51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AOMF, AOMF51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ format which is commonly used by third party tools.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-S
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble.
+ The output is an assembler code file for the input file specified.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Integer (16 bit) and long (32 bit) libraries have been compiled as reentrant.
+ Note by default these libraries are compiled as non-reentrant.
+ See section Installation for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-cyclomatic
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-cyclomatic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\series default
+This option will cause the compiler to generate an information message for
+ each function in the source file.
+ The message contains some 
+\emph on
+important
+\emph default
+ information about the function.
+ The number of edges and nodes the compiler detected in the control flow
+ graph of the function, and most importantly the 
+\emph on
+cyclomatic complexity
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cyclomatic complexity
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ see section on Cyclomatic Complexity for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-float-reent
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-float-reent
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Floating point library is compiled as reentrant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See section Installation for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fsigned-char
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fsigned-char
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ By default char is 
+\family typewriter
+unsigned
+\family default
+.
+ To set the signess for characters to signed, use the option -
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+-fsigned-char.
+ If this option is set and no signedness keyword (unsigned/signed) is given,
+ a char will be unsigned.
+ All other types are unaffected.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdinc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdinc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ This will prevent the compiler from passing on the default include path
+ to the preprocessor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdlib
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nostdlib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ This will prevent the compiler from passing on the default library
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ path to the linker.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-verbose
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-verbose
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Shows the various actions the compiler is performing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-V
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-V
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Shows the actual commands the compiler is executing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-c-code-in-asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-c-code-in-asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Hides your ugly and inefficient c-code from the asm file, so you can always
+ blame the compiler :)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep-comments
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-peep-comments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Don't include peep-hole comments in the generated asm files even if -
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+-fverbose-asm option is specified.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-i-code-in-asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-i-code-in-asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Include i-codes in the asm file.
+ Sounds like noise but is helpful for debugging the compiler itself.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-less-pedantic
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-less-pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--less-pedantic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Disable some of the more pedantic warnings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Warnings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For more details, see the less_pedantic pragma 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "ite:less_pedantic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-warning
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<nnnn>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-disable-warning
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Disable specific warning with number <nnnn>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-Werror
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-Werror
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Treat all warnings as errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-print-search-dirs
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-print-search-dirs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Display the directories in the compiler's search path
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-vc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-vc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Display errors and warnings using MSVC style, so you can use SDCC with
+ the visual studio IDE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+IDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ With SDCC both offering a GCC-like (the default) and a MSVC-like
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MSVC output style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ output style, integration into most programming editors should be straightforwa
+rd.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-stdout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-stdout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Send errors and warnings to stdout instead of stderr.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-Wa
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+asmOption[,asmOption]
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-Wa asmOption[,asmOption]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ Pass the asmOption to the assembler
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See file sdcc/sdas/doc/asmlnk.txt for assembler options.cd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generally follow the ANSI C89 / ISO C90 standard, but allow some SDCC behaviour
+ that conflicts with the standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Follow the ANSI C89 / ISO C90 standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generally follow the ISO C99 standard, but allow some SDCC behaviour that
+ conflicts with the standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c99
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Follow the ISO C99 standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc11
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc11
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generally follow the ISO C11 standard, but allow some SDCC behaviour that
+ conflicts with the standard (default).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-c11
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-std-sdcc11
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Follow the ISO C11 standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-codeseg"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Name> The name to be used for the code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ segment, default CSEG.
+ This is useful if you need to tell the compiler to put the code in a special
+ segment so you can later on tell the linker to put this segment in a special
+ place in memory.
+ Can be used for instance when using bank switching to put the code in a
+ bank.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-constseg
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-constseg <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Name> The name to be used for the const
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+const
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ segment, default CONST.
+ This is useful if you need to tell the compiler to put the const data in
+ a special segment so you can later on tell the linker to put this segment
+ in a special place in memory.
+ Can be used for instance when using bank switching to put the const data
+ in a bank.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fdollars-in-identifiers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fdollars-in-identifiers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Permit '$' as an identifier character.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-more-pedantic
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-more-pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Actually this is 
+\series bold
+\emph on
+not
+\series default
+\emph default
+ a SDCC compiler option but if you want 
+\emph on
+more
+\emph default
+ warnings you can use a separate tool dedicated to syntax checking like
+ splint
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+lint (syntax checking tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.splint.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To make your source files parseable by splint you will have to include
+ 
+\family sans
+lint.h
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+splint (syntax checking tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in your source file and add brackets around extended keywords (like 
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+__at
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+(
+\series default
+0xab
+\series bold
+)
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and 
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+__interrupt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2)
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+).
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Splint has an excellent on line manual at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.splint.org/manual/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and it's capabilities go beyond pure syntax checking.
+ You'll need to tell splint the location of SDCC's include files so a typical
+ command line could look like this: 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+splint
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-I
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/usr/local/share/sdcc/include/mcs51/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+myprogram.c
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:--use-non-free"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Search / include non-free licensed libraries and header files, located
+ under the non-free directory - see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Linker Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options linker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linker options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+-lib-path
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-lib-path <path>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<absolute path to additional libraries> This option is passed to the linkage
+ editor's additional libraries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ search path.
+ The path name must be absolute.
+ Additional library files may be specified in the command line.
+ See section Compiling programs for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-L
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-L <path>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<absolute path to additional libraries> Same as above.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> The start location of the external ram
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, default value is 0.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.: -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-loc 0x8000 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-loc 32768.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> The start location of the code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ segment, default value 0.
+ Note when this option is used the interrupt vector table
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt vector table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is also relocated to the given address.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.: -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc 0x8000 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc 32768.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> By default the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is placed after the data segment for mcs51.
+ By using this option the stack can be placed anywhere in the internal memory
+ space of the mcs51.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc 0x20 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc 32.
+ Since the sp register is incremented before a push or call, the initial
+ sp will be set to one byte prior the provided value.
+ The provided value should not overlap any other memory areas such as used
+ register banks or the data segment and with enough space for the current
+ application.
+ The 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pack-iram
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pack-iram
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option (which is now a default setting) will override this setting, so
+ you should also specify the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pack-iram
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pack-iram
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option if you need to manually place the stack.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+For stm8, by default the stack is placed at the device-specific reset value.
+ By using this option, the stack can be placed anywhere in the lower 16-bits
+ of the stm8 memory space.
+ This is particularly useful for working around the stack roll-over antifeature
+ present in some stm8 devices.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> By default the external stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is placed after the __pdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ segment.
+ Using this option the xstack can be placed anywhere in the external memory
+ space of the 8051.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack-loc 0x8000 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc 32768.
+ The provided value should not overlap any other memory areas such as the
+ pdata or xdata segment and with enough space for the current application.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> The start location of the internal ram data
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+data (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ segment.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, eg.
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc 0x20 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc 32.
+ (By default, the start location of the internal ram data segment  is set
+ as low as possible in memory, taking into account the used register banks
+ and the bit segment at address 0x20.
+ For example if register banks 0 and 1 are used without bit variables, the
+ data segment will be set, if -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc is not used, to location 0x10.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-idata-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-idata-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> The start location of the indirectly addressable internal ram
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+idata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the 8051, default value is 0x80.
+ The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, eg.
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-idata-loc 0x88 or -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-idata-loc 136.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-bit-loc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value> The start location of the bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ addressable internal ram of the 8051.
+ This is 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ implemented yet.
+ Instead an option can be passed directly to the linker: -Wl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-bBSEG=<Value>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-ihx
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-ihx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\series default
+The linker output (final object code) is in Intel Hex format.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel hex format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ This is the default option.
+ The format itself is documented in the documentation of srecord
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+srecord (bin, hex, ...
+ tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-s19
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-s19
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\series default
+The linker output (final object code) is in Motorola S19 format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Motorola S19 format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The format itself is documented in the documentation of srecord.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-elf
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-s19
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-out-fmt-elf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\series default
+The linker output (final object code) is in ELF format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ELF format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ (Currently only supported for the HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and S08 processors)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-Wl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+linkOption[,linkOption]
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-Wl linkOption[,linkOption]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "lyx:-Wl option"
+
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ Pass the linkOption to the linker.
+ If a bootloader is used an option like 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+-Wl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-bCSEG=0x1000
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ would be typical to set the start of the code segment.
+ Either use the double quotes around this option or use no space (e.g.
+ -Wl-bCSEG=0x1000).
+ See also #pragma constseg and #pragma codeseg in section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ File sdcc/sdas/doc/asmlnk.txt has more on linker options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+MCS51 Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options MCS51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51 options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-small
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-small
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Generate code for Small model programs, see section Memory Models for more
+ details.
+ This is the default model.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-medium
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-medium
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for Medium model programs, see section Memory Models for
+ more details.
+ If this option is used all source files in the project have to be compiled
+ with this option.
+ It must also be used when invoking the linker.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for Large model programs, see section Memory Models for more
+ details.
+ If this option is used all source files in the project have to be compiled
+ with this option.
+ It must also be used when invoking the linker.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-huge
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-huge
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Generate code for Huge model programs, see section Memory Models for more
+ details.
+ If this option is used all source files in the project have to be compiled
+ with this option.
+ It must also be used when invoking the linker.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Uses a pseudo stack in the __pdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ area (usually the first 256 bytes in the external ram) for allocating variables
+ and passing parameters.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:External-Stack"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ External Stack for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to check if the internal ram usage is within limits of
+ the given value.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-size
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to check if the external ram usage is within limits of
+ the given value.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-size
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to check if the code memory usage is within limits of
+ the given value.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-size
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to check if there is at minimum <Value> bytes for stack.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pack-iram
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pack-iram
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to use unused register banks for data variables and pack
+ data, idata and stack together.
+ This is the default and this option will probably be removed along with
+ the removal of -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pack-iram.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pack-iram
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(deprecated)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pack-iram
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the linker to use old style for allocating memory areas.
+ This option is now deprecated and will be removed in future versions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-acall-ajmp
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-acall-ajmp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Replaces the three byte instructions lcall/ljmp with the two byte instructions
+ acall/ajmp.
+ Only use this option if your code is in the same 2k block of memory.
+ You may need to use this option for some 8051 derivatives which lack the
+ lcall/ljmp instructions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-ret-without-call
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-ret-without-call
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Causes the code generator to insert an extra lcall or acall instruction
+ whenever it needs to use a ret instruction in a context other than a function
+ returning.
+ This option is needed when using the Infineon
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Infineon
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ XC800 series microcontrollers to keep its Memory Extension Stack balanced.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+DS390 / DS400 Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options DS390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-flat24
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-flat24
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Generate 24-bit flat mode code.
+ This is the one and only that the ds390 code generator supports right now
+ and is default when using 
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+.
+ See section Memory Models for more details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-protect-sp-update
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-protect-sp-update
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ disable interrupts during ESP:SP updates.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-10bit
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-10bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Generate code for the 10 bit stack mode of the Dallas DS80C390 part.
+ This is the one and only that the ds390 code generator supports right now
+ and is default when using 
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+.
+ In this mode, the stack is located in the lower 1K of the internal RAM,
+ which is mapped to 0x400000.
+ Note that the support is incomplete, since it still uses a single byte
+ as the stack pointer.
+ This means that only the lower 256 bytes of the potential 1K stack space
+ will actually be used.
+ However, this does allow you to reclaim the precious 256 bytes of low RAM
+ for use for the DATA and IDATA segments.
+ The compiler will not generate any code to put the processor into 10 bit
+ stack mode.
+ It is important to ensure that the processor is in this mode before calling
+ any re-entrant functions compiled with this option.
+ In principle, this should work with the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option, but that has not been tested.
+ It is incompatible with the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option.
+ It also only makes sense if the processor is in 24 bit contiguous addressing
+ mode (see the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-flat24 option
+\emph default
+).
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-8-bit - switches off the 10-bit mode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-probe
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-probe
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ insert call to function __stack_probe at each function prologue.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-tini-libid
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-tini-libid
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ <nnnn> LibraryID used in -mTININative.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-accelerator
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-accelerator
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ generate code for DS390 Arithmetic Accelerator.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Options common to all z80-related ports (z80, z180, r2k, r3ka, gbz80, tlcs90,
+ ez80_z80)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-std-crt0
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-std-crt0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ When linking, skip the standard crt0.rel object file.
+ You must provide your own crt0.rel for your system when linking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves-bc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves-bc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Force a called function to always save BC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Use <Value> for the code segment name.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-constseg
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-constseg <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Use <Value> for the const segment name.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Z80 Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (apply to z80, z180, r2k, r3ka, tlcs90, ez80_z80)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-portmode=
+\series default
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-portmode=<Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Determinate PORT I/O mode (<Value> is z80 or z180).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-asm=
+\series default
+<Value>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-asm=<Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Define assembler name (<Value> is rgbds, sdasz80, isas or z80asm).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-reserve-regs-iy
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-reserve-regs-iy
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+This option tells the compiler that it is not allowed to use register pair
+ iy.
+ The option can be useful for systems where iy is reserved for the OS.
+ This option is incompatible with -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fomit-frame-pointer.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-oldralloc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-oldralloc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Use old register allocator.
+ The old register allocator is typically is faster than the current one,
+ but the current one generates better code.
+ This differences are the most noticeable, when a high value for -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-max-allocs-per-node is used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fno-omit-frame-pointer
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fno-omit-frame-pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\size default
+Never omit the frame pointer.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+GBZ80 Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options GBZ80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GBZ80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-bo
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Num>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GBZ80!Options!-bo <Num>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Use code bank <Num>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-ba
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<Num>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GBZ80!Options!-ba <Num>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Use data bank <Num>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Intermediate Dump Options
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Intermediate-Dump-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options intermediate dump
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intermediate dump options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following options are provided for the purpose of retargetting and debugging
+ the compiler.
+ They provide a means to dump the intermediate code (iCode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+iCode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) generated by the compiler in human readable form at various stages of
+ the compilation process.
+ More on iCodes see chapter 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-anatomy-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+The anatomy of the compiler
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dum-ast
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dump-ast
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ This option will cause the compiler to dump the abstract syntax tree to
+ the econsole.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dump-i-code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dump-i-code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\series default
+\size default
+Will dump iCodes at various stages into files named 
+\emph on
+<source filename>.dump<stage>
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dump-graphs
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dump-graphs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size large
+ 
+\series default
+\size default
+Will dump internal representations as graphviz .dot files.
+ Depending on other options, this can include the control-flow graph at
+ lospre, insertion of bank selection instructions or register allocation
+ and the conflict graph and tree-decomposition at register allocation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fverbose-asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-gen-comments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Include code generator and peep-hole comments in the generated asm files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Redirecting output on Windows Shells
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default SDCC writes its error messages to 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+standard error
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To force all messages to 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+standard output
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ use 
+\series bold
+-
+\series default
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+\emph default
+-
+\series default
+use-stdout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-stdout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Additionally, if you happen to have visual studio installed in your windows
+ machine, you can use it to compile your sources using a custom build and
+ the SDCC -
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+-vc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-vc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option.
+ Something like this should work:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+c:
+\backslash
+sdcc
+\backslash
+bin
+\backslash
+sdcc.exe -
+\series default
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+\emph default
+-vc -
+\series default
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+\emph default
+-model-large -c $(InputPath)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Environment variables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Environment variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC recognizes the following environment variables:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+SDCC_LEAVE_SIGNALS
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LEAVE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SIGNALS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ SDCC installs a signal handler
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signal handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to be able to delete temporary files after an user break (^C) or an exception.
+ If this environment variable is set, SDCC won't install the signal handler
+ in order to be able to debug SDCC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+TMP,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TEMP,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TMPDIR
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!TMP, TEMP, TMPDIR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Path, where temporary files will be created.
+ The order of the variables is the search order.
+ In a standard *nix environment these variables are not set, and there's
+ no need to set them.
+ On Windows it's recommended to set one of them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+SDCC_HOME
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+HOME
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Path, see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Install-paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ Install Paths
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+SDCC_INCLUDE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+INCLUDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Path, see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Search Paths
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series bold
+SDCC_LIB
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LIB
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ Path, see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Search Paths
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+..
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are some more environment variables recognized by SDCC, but these
+ are mainly used for debugging purposes.
+ They can change or disappear very quickly, and will never be documented
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+if you are curious search in SDCC's sources for 
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+getenv
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!undocumented
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+SDCC Language Extensions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports some language extensions useful for embedded systems.
+ These include named address spaces (see also section 5.1 of the Embedded
+ C standard).
+ SDCC supports both intrinsic named address spaces (which ones are supported
+ depends on the target architecture) and non-intrinsic named address spaces
+ (defined by the user using the keyword __addressmod, they are particularly
+ useful with custom bank-switching hardware).
+ Unlike the Embedded C standard, SDCC allows local variables to have an
+ intrinsic named address space even when not explicitly declared as static
+ or extern.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+MCS51/DS390 intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports the following MCS51-specific intrinsic address spaces:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+	filename MCS51_named.svg
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__data
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+data (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / __near
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+near (named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is the 
+\series bold
+default
+\series default
+ (generic) address space for the Small Memory model.
+ Variables in this address space will be allocated in the directly addressable
+ portion of the internal RAM of a 8051, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__data unsigned char test_data;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+75*00 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_test_data,#0x01
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__xdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / __far
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+far (named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Variables in this address space will be placed in the external RAM.
+ This is the 
+\series bold
+default
+\series default
+ (generic) address space for the Large Memory model, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__xdata unsigned char test_xdata;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+90s00r00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dptr,#_test_xdata
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+74
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+F0
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+@dptr,a 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__idata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+idata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Variables in this address space will be allocated into the indirectly addressabl
+e portion of the internal ram of a 8051, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__idata unsigned char test_idata;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+78r00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r0,#_test_idata
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+76
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+@r0,#0x01
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note, the first 128 byte of idata physically access the same RAM
+ as the data memory.
+ The original 8051 had 128 byte idata memory, nowadays most devices have
+ 256 byte idata memory.
+ The stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is located in idata memory (unless 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is specified).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__pdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Paged xdata access is just as straightforward as using the other addressing
+ modes of a 8051.
+ It is typically located at the start of xdata and has a maximum size of
+ 256 bytes.
+ The following example writes 0x01 to the pdata variable.
+ Please note, pdata access physically accesses xdata memory.
+ The high byte of the address is determined by port P2 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P2 (mcs51 sfr)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(or in case of some 8051 variants by a separate Special Function Register,
+ see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-variants"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This is the 
+\series bold
+default
+\series default
+ (generic) address space for the Medium Memory model, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__pdata unsigned char test_pdata;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+78r00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#_test_pdata
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+74 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+F2
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @r0,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option is used the pdata memory area is followed by the xstack memory area
+ and the sum of their sizes is limited to 256 bytes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+'Variables' in this address space will be placed in the code memory:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__code unsigned char test_code;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Read access to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+90s00r6F
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dptr,#_test_code
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+E4
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+93
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movc a,@a+dptr 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+char
+\family default
+ indexed arrays of characters in code memory can be accessed efficiently:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__code char test_array[] = {'c','h','e','a','p'}; 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Read access to this array using an 8-bit unsigned index generates the assembly
+ code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+E5*00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,_index 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+90s00r41
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dptr,#_test_array
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+93
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movc a,@a+dptr 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a data-type and an address space.
+ When a variable is declared as a bit, it is allocated into the bit addressable
+ memory of 8051, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__bit test_bit;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 1 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+D2*00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+setb
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_test_bit
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The bit addressable memory consists of 128 bits which are located from 0x20
+ to 0x2f in data memory.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Apart from this 8051 specific intrinsic named address space most architectures
+ support ANSI-C bit-fields
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bit-fields
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Not really meant as examples, but nevertheless showing what bit-fields are
+ about: device/include/mc68hc908qy.h and support/regression/tests/bitfields.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In accordance with ISO/IEC 9899 bits and bitfields without an explicit
+ signed modifier are implemented as unsigned.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__sfr
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / __sfr16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / __sfr32
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr32
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / __sbit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sbit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Like the __bit keyword, 
+\emph on
+__sfr / __sfr16 / __sfr32 / __sbit
+\emph default
+ signify both a data-type and named address space, they are used to describe
+ the 
+\emph on
+s
+\emph default
+pecial 
+\emph on
+f
+\emph default
+unction 
+\emph on
+r
+\emph default
+egisters and special 
+\emph on
+__bit
+\emph default
+ variables of a 8051, eg:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0x80) P0;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* special function register P0 at location 0x80 */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* 16 bit special function register combination for timer 0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ with the high byte at location 0x8C and the low byte at location 0x8A */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sfr16 __at (0x8C8A) TMR0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sbit __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0xd7) CY;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* CY (Carry Flag
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Flags
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Carry flag
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Special function registers which are located on an address dividable by
+ 8 are bit-addressable, an 
+\emph on
+__sbit
+\emph default
+ addresses a specific bit within these sfr.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+16 Bit and 32 bit special function register combinations which require a
+ certain access order are better not declared using 
+\emph on
+__sfr16
+\emph default
+ or 
+\emph on
+__sfr32.
+
+\emph default
+ Although SDCC usually accesses them Least Significant Byte (LSB) first,
+ this is not guaranteed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note, if you use a header file which was written for another compiler
+ then the __sfr / __sfr16 / __sfr32 / __sbit intrinsic named address spaces
+ will most likely be 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ compatible.
+ Specifically the syntax 
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sfr P0 = 0x80;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ is compiled 
+\emph on
+without warning
+\emph default
+ by SDCC to an assignment of 0x80 to a variable called P0
+\family typewriter
+.
+
+\family default
+ 
+\series bold
+Nevertheless with the file 
+\family typewriter
+compiler.h
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+compiler.h (include file)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ it is possible to write header files
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Header files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Include files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which can be shared among different compilers (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Pointers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to MCS51/DS390 intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows (via language extensions) pointers to explicitly point to any
+ of the named address spaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the 8051.
+ In addition to the explicit pointers, the compiler uses (by default) generic
+ pointers which can be used to point to any of the memory spaces.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Pointer declaration examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+/* pointer physically in internal ram pointing to object in external ram
+ */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__xdata unsigned char * __data p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* pointer physically in external ram pointing to object in internal ram
+ */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__data unsigned char * __xdata p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* pointer physically in code rom pointing to data in xdata space */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__xdata unsigned char * __code p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* pointer physically in code space pointing to data in code space */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__code unsigned char * __code p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* generic pointer physically located in xdata space */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char * __xdata p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* generic pointer physically located in default memory space */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char * p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* the following is a function pointer
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ physically located in data space */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+char (* __data fp)(void);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Well you get the idea.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+All unqualified pointers are treated as 3-byte (4-byte for the ds390) 
+\emph on
+generic
+\emph default
+ pointers.
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+The highest order byte of the 
+\emph on
+generic
+\emph default
+ pointers contains the data space information.
+ Assembler support routines are called whenever data is stored or retrieved
+ using 
+\emph on
+generic
+\emph default
+ pointers.
+ These are useful for developing reusable library
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ routines.
+ Explicitly specifying the pointer
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ type will generate the most efficient code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Notes on MCS51 memory
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51 memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The 8051 family of microcontrollers have a minimum of 128 bytes of internal
+ RAM memory which is structured as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+- Bytes 00-1F - 32 bytes to hold up to 4 banks of the registers R0 to R7,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+- Bytes 20-2F - 16 bytes to hold 128 bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ variables and,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+- Bytes 30-7F - 80 bytes for general purpose use.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally some members of the MCS51 family may have up to 128 bytes of
+ additional, indirectly addressable, internal RAM memory (
+\emph on
+__idata
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+idata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Furthermore, some chips may have some built in external memory (
+\emph on
+__xdata
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) which should not be confused with the internal, directly addressable RAM
+ memory (
+\emph on
+__data
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+data (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Sometimes this built in 
+\emph on
+__xdata
+\emph default
+ memory has to be activated before using it (you can probably find this
+ information on the datasheet of the microcontroller your are using, see
+ also section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-Startup-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Startup-Code).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally SDCC will only use the first bank
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+register bank (mcs51, ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of registers (register bank 0), but it is possible to specify that other
+ banks of registers (keyword 
+\emph on
+__using
+\emph default
+ 
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+) should be used for example in interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ routines.
+ By default, the compiler will place the stack after the last byte of allocated
+ memory for variables.
+ For example, if the first 2 banks of registers are used, and only four
+ bytes are used for 
+\emph on
+data
+\emph default
+ variables, it will position the base of the internal stack at address 20
+ (0x14).
+ This implies that as the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ grows, it will use up the remaining register banks, and the 16 bytes used
+ by the 128 bit variables, and 80 bytes for general purpose use.
+ If any bit variables are used, the data variables will be placed in unused
+ register banks and after the byte holding the last bit variable.
+ For example, if register banks 0 and 1 are used, and there are 9 bit variables
+ (two bytes used), 
+\emph on
+data
+\emph default
+ variables will be placed starting from address 0x10 to 0x20 and continue
+ at address 0x22.
+ You can also use -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-data-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to specify the start address of the 
+\emph on
+data
+\emph default
+ and -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to specify the size of the total internal RAM (
+\emph on
+data
+\emph default
++
+\emph on
+idata
+\emph default
+).
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default the 8051 linker will place the stack after the last byte of (i)data
+ variables.
+ Option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ allows you to specify the start of the stack, i.e.
+ you could start it after any data in the general purpose area.
+ If your microcontroller has additional indirectly addressable internal
+ RAM (
+\emph on
+idata
+\emph default
+) you can place the stack on it.
+ You may also need to use -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xdata-loc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xdata-loc<Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to set the start address of the external RAM (
+\emph on
+xdata
+\emph default
+) and -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xram-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to specify its size.
+ Same goes for the code memory, using -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-loc <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-code-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If in doubt, don't specify any options and see if the resulting memory
+ layout is appropriate, then you can adjust it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The linker generates two files with memory allocation information.
+ The first, with extension .map
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows all the variables and segments.
+ The second with extension .mem
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.mem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the final memory layout.
+ The linker will complain either if memory segments overlap, there is not
+ enough memory, or there is not enough space for stack.
+ If you get any linking warnings and/or errors related to stack or segments
+ allocation, take a look at either the .map or .mem files to find out what
+ the problem is.
+ The .mem file may even suggest a solution to the problem.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Z80/Z180/eZ80 intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__sfr
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (in/out to 8-bit addresses)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ family has separate address spaces for memory and 
+\emph on
+i
+\emph default
+nput/
+\emph on
+o
+\emph default
+utput memory.
+ I/O memory
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+I/O memory (Z80, Z180)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!I/O memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z180!I/O memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is accessed with special instructions, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at 0x78 IoPort;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* define a var in I/O space at 78h called IoPort */ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+3E 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ld a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+D3 78
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out (_IoPort),a 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__banked __sfr
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (in/out to 16-bit addresses)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The keyword 
+\emph on
+__banked
+\emph default
+ is used to support 16 bit addresses in I/O memory e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __banked __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 0x123 IoPort; 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing 0x01 to this variable generates the assembly code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+01 23 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ld bc,#_IoPort
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+3E 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ld a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ED 79
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out (c),a 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__sfr
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (in0/out0 to 8 bit addresses on Z180
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z180
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+/HD64180
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HD64180 (see Z180)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-portmode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z180!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-portmode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+=180 (80) and a compiler #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+portmode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z180!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma portmode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ z180 (z80) is used to turn on (off) the Z180/HD64180 port addressing instructio
+ns 
+\family typewriter
+in0/out0
+\family default
+ instead of 
+\family typewriter
+in/out
+\family default
+.
+ If you include the file z180.h this will be set automatically.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+HC08/S08 intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__data
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+data (hc08 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Variables int the address space __data resides in the first 256 bytes of
+ memory (the direct page).
+ The HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is most efficient at accessing variables (especially pointers) stored here.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__xdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (hc08 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Variables in the address space__xdata can reside anywhere in memory.
+ This is the default (generic address space).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+PDK14/PDK15 intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__sfr
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Padauk family has separate address spaces for memory and 
+\emph on
+i
+\emph default
+nput/
+\emph on
+o
+\emph default
+utput memory.
+ I/O memory is accessed with special instructions, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at 0x18 gpcc;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* define a var in I/O space at 18h called gpcc */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+__sfr16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sfr16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Padauk family has a 16-bit timer accessed with special instructions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Non-intrinsic named address spaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Non-intrinsic named address spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports user-defined non-intrinsic named address spaces.
+ So far SDCC only supports them for bank-switching.
+ You need to have a function that switches to the desired memory bank and
+ declare a corresponding named address space:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void setb0(void); // The function that sets the currently active memory
+ bank to b0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void setb1(void); // The function that sets the currently active memory
+ bank to b1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__addressmod
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+addressmod
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+ setb0 spaceb0; // Declare a named address space called spaceb0 that uses
+ setb0()
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__addressmod setb1 spaceb1; // Declare a named address space called spaceb1
+ that uses setb1()
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+spaceb0 int x; // An int in address space spaceb0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+spaceb1 int *y; // A pointer to an int in address space spaceb1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+spaceb0 int *spaceb1 z; // A pointer in address space spaceb1 that points
+ to an int in address space spaceb0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Non-intrinsic named address spaces for data in ROM are declared using the
+ const keyword:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void setb0(void); // The function that sets the currently active memory
+ bank to b0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void setb1(void); // The function that sets the currently active memory
+ bank to b1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__addressmod
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+addressmod
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+ setb0 const spaceb0; // Declare a named address space called spaceb0 that
+ uses setb0() and resides in ROM
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__addressmod setb1 spaceb1; // Declare a named address space called spaceb1
+ that uses setb1() and resides in RAM
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+const spaceb0 int x = 42; // An int in address space spaceb0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+spaceb1 int *y; // A pointer to an int in address space spaceb1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+const spaceb0 int *spaceb1 z; // A pointer in address space spaceb1 that
+ points to a constant int in address space spaceb0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Variables in non-intrinsic named address spaces will be placed in areas
+ of the same name (this can be used for the placement of named address spaces
+ in memory by the linker).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC will automatically insert calls to the corresponding function before
+ accessing the variable.
+ SDCC inserts the minimum possible number calls to the bank selection functions.
+ See Philipp Klaus Krause, 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Optimal Placement of Bank Selection Instructions in Polynomial Time
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ for details on how this works.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Absolute Addressing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Absolute addressing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Data items can be assigned an absolute address with the 
+\emph on
+__at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ <address>
+\emph default
+ keyword, which can also be used in addition to a named address space, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__xdata __at (0x7ffe) unsigned int chksum;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the above example the variable chksum will be located at 0x7ffe and 0x7fff
+ of the external ram.
+ The compiler does 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ reserve any space for variables declared in this way
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (they are implemented with an equate in the assembler).
+ Thus it is left to the programmer to make sure there are no overlaps with
+ other variables that are declared without the absolute address.
+ The assembler listing file (.lst
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.lst
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and the linker output files (.rst
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.rst
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and (.map
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) are good places to look for such overlaps.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If however you provide an initializer
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Variable initialization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ actual memory allocation will take place and overlaps will be detected
+ by the linker.
+ E.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__code __at (0x7ff0) char Id[5] = 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+SDCC
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the above example the variable Id will be located from 0x7ff0 to 0x7ff4
+ in code memory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In case of memory mapped I/O devices the keyword 
+\emph on
+volatile
+\emph default
+ has to be used to tell the compiler that accesses might not be removed:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+volatile
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __xdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0x8000) unsigned char PORTA_8255;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For some architectures (mcs51) array accesses are more efficient if an (xdata/fa
+r) array
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Aligned array
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\size default
+ starts at a block (256 byte) boundary
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+block boundary
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ has an example).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Absolute addresses can be specified for variables in all named address spaces,
+ e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0x02) bvar;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above example will allocate the variable at offset 0x02 in the bit-addressab
+le space.
+ There is no real advantage to assigning absolute addresses to variables
+ in this manner, unless you want strict control over all the variables allocated.
+ One possible use would be to write hardware portable code.
+ For example, if you have a routine that uses one or more of the microcontroller
+ I/O pins, and such pins are different for two different hardwares, you
+ can declare the I/O pins in your routine using:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+extern volatile
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __bit MOSI;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* master out, slave in */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+extern volatile __bit MISO;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* master in, slave out */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+extern volatile __bit MCLK;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* master clock */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* Input and Output of a byte on a 3-wire serial bus.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+If needed adapt polarity of clock, polarity of data and bit order
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+*/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char spi_io(unsigned char out_byte)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char i=8;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+do { 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+MOSI = out_byte & 0x80;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out_byte <<= 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+MCLK = 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* __asm nop __endasm; */
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* for slow peripherals */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+if(MISO)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out_byte += 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+MCLK = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+} while(--i);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return out_byte;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then, someplace in the code for the first hardware you would use
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__bit __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0x80) MOSI;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 0, bit 0 */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__bit __at (0x81) MISO;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 0, bit 1 */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__bit __at (0x82) MCLK;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 0, bit 2 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similarly, for the second hardware you would use
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__bit __at (0x83) MOSI;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 0, bit 3 */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__bit __at (0x91) MISO;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 1, bit 1 */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __at (0x92) MCLK;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* I/O port 1, bit 2 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and you can use the same hardware dependent routine without changes, as
+ for example in a library.
+ This is somehow similar to sbit, but only one absolute address has to be
+ specified in the whole project.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preserved register specification
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows to specify preserved registers in function declarations, to
+ enable further optimizations on calls to functions implemented in assembler.
+ Example for the Z80 architecture specifying that a function will preserve
+ register pairs bc and iy:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void f(void) __preserves_regs(b, c, iyl, iyh);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Binary constants
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Binary constants
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports the use of binary constants, such as 0b01100010.
+ This feature is only enabled when the compiler is invoked using 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-sdccxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Returning void
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows functions to return expressions of type void.
+ This feature is only enabled when the compiler is invoked using 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-sdccxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Omitting promotion on arguments of vararg function (does not apply to pdk14,
+ pdk15)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Arguments to vararg functions are not promoted when explicitly cast.
+ This feature is only enabled when the compiler is invoked using 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-sdccxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This breaks compability with the C standards, so linking code compiled
+ with 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-sdccxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with code compiled using 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--std-cxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can result in failing programs when arguments to vararg functions are explicitl
+y cast.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Parameters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Parameters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function parameter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and Local Variables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+local variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Automatic (local) variables and parameters to functions are placed on the
+ stack for most targets.
+ For MCS51/DS390/HC08/S08 they can either be placed on the stack or in data-spac
+e.
+ The default action of the compiler is to place these variables in the internal
+ RAM (for small model) or external RAM (for medium or large model).
+ This in fact makes them similar to 
+\emph on
+static
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+static
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ so by default functions are non-reentrant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+They can be placed on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ by using the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option, by using 
+\emph on
+#pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+stackauto
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma stackauto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or by using the 
+\emph on
+__reentrant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ keyword in the function declaration, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char foo(char i) __reentrant
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since stack space on 8051 is limited, the 
+\emph on
+__reentrant
+\emph default
+ keyword or the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\emph default
+ option should be used sparingly.
+ Note that the reentrant keyword just means that the parameters & local
+ variables will be allocated to the stack, it 
+\emph on
+does not
+\emph default
+ mean that the function is register bank
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+register bank (mcs51, ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ independent.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Local variables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+local variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be assigned intrinsic named address spaces and absolute
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Absolute addressing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ addresses, e.g.: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char foo(__xdata int parm)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__xdata unsigned char i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__bit bvar;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__data __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (0x31) unsigned char j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the above example the parameter
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function parameter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\emph on
+parm
+\emph default
+ and the variable 
+\emph on
+i
+\emph default
+ will be allocated in the external ram, 
+\emph on
+bvar
+\emph default
+ in bit addressable space and 
+\emph on
+j
+\emph default
+ in internal ram.
+ When compiled with 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\emph default
+ or when a function is declared as 
+\emph on
+reentrant
+\emph default
+ this should only be done for static variables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is however allowed to use bit parameters in reentrant functions and also
+ non-static local bit variables are supported.
+ Efficient use is limited to 8 semi-bitregisters in bit space.
+ They are pushed and popped to stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ as a single byte just like the normal registers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Overlaying
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Overlaying"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Overlaying
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For non-reentrant
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ functions SDCC will try to reduce internal ram space usage by overlaying
+ parameters and local variables of a function (if possible).
+ Parameters and local variables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+local variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of a function will be allocated to an overlayable segment if the function
+ has 
+\emph on
+no other function calls and the function is non-reentrant and the memory
+ model
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is small.
+
+\emph default
+ If an explicit intrinsic named address space
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+intrinsic named address space
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is specified for a local variable, it will NOT be overlaid.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the compiler (not the linkage editor) makes the decision for overlayin
+g the data items.
+ Functions that are called from an interrupt service routine
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ should be preceded by a #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nooverlay
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nooverlay
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ if they are not reentrant.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Also note that the compiler does not do any processing of inline assembler
+ code, so the compiler might incorrectly assign local variables and parameters
+ of a function into the overlay segment if the inline assembler code calls
+ other c-functions that might use the overlay.
+ In that case the #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nooverlay should be used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Parameters and local variables of functions that contain 16 or 32 bit multiplica
+tion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Multiplication
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or division
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Division
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ will NOT be overlaid since these are implemented using external functions,
+ e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma save
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma nooverlay
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nooverlay
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void set_error(unsigned char errcd)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+P3 = errcd;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma restore
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void some_isr () __interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (2)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+set_error(10);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the above example the parameter 
+\emph on
+errcd
+\emph default
+ for the function 
+\emph on
+set_error
+\emph default
+ would be assigned to the overlayable segment if the #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nooverlay was not present, this could cause unpredictable runtime behaviour
+ when called from an interrupt service routine.
+ The #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nooverlay ensures that the parameters and local variables for the function
+ are NOT overlaid.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Interrupt Service Routines
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Interrupt-Service-Routines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+General Information
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows 
+\emph on
+i
+\emph default
+nterrupt 
+\emph on
+s
+\emph default
+ervice 
+\emph on
+r
+\emph default
+outines to be coded in C, with some extended keywords.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void timer_isr (void) __interrupt (1) __using (1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The optional number following the 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ keyword is the interrupt number this routine will service.
+ When present, the compiler will insert a call to this routine in the interrupt
+ vector table
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt vector table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for the interrupt number specified.
+ If you have multiple source files in your project, interrupt service routines
+ can be present in any of them, but a prototype of the isr MUST be present
+ or included in the file that contains the function 
+\emph on
+main
+\emph default
+.
+ The optional (8051 specific) keyword 
+\emph on
+__using
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ can be used to tell the compiler to use the specified register bank when
+ generating code for this function.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Interrupt service routines open the door for some very interesting bugs:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Common interrupt pitfall: variable not declared 
+\emph on
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If an interrupt service routine changes variables which are accessed by
+ other functions these variables have to be declared 
+\emph on
+volatile
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_variable
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-atomic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Common interrupt pitfall: 
+\emph on
+non-atomic access
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the access to these variables is not 
+\emph on
+atomic
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+atomic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ (i.e.
+ the processor needs more than one instruction for the access and could
+ be interrupted while accessing the variable) the interrupt must be disabled
+ during the access to avoid inconsistent data.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Access to 16 or 32 bit variables is obviously not atomic on 8 bit CPUs and
+ should be protected by disabling interrupts.
+ You're not automatically on the safe side if you use 8 bit variables though.
+ We need an example here: f.e.
+ on the 8051 the harmless looking 
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+flags
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+|=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+0x80;
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ is not atomic if 
+\family typewriter
+flags
+\family default
+ resides in xdata.
+ Setting 
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+flags
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+|=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+0x40;
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ from within an interrupt routine might get lost if the interrupt occurs
+ at the wrong time.
+ 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+counter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
++=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8;
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ is not atomic on the 8051 even if 
+\family typewriter
+counter
+\family default
+ is located in data memory.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bugs like these are hard to reproduce and can cause a lot of trouble.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-stack-overflow"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Common interrupt pitfall: 
+\emph on
+stack overflow
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The return address and the registers used in the interrupt service routine
+ are saved on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ so there must be sufficient stack space.
+ If there isn't variables or registers (or even the return address itself)
+ will be corrupted.
+ This 
+\emph on
+stack overflow
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack overflow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is most likely to happen if the interrupt occurs during the 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+deepest
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ subroutine when the stack is already in use for f.e.
+ many return addresses.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-non-reentrant"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Common interrupt pitfall: 
+\emph on
+use of non-reentrant functions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A special note here, integer multiplicative operators and floating-point
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ operations might be implemented using external support routines, depending
+ on the target architecture.
+ If an interrupt service routine needs to do any of these operations on
+ a target where functions are non-reentrant by default, then the support
+ routines (as mentioned in a following section) will have to be recompiled
+ using the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option and the source file will need to be compiled using the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ compiler option.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note, the type promotion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type promotion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ required by ANSI C can cause 16 bit routines to be used
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ without the programmer being aware of it.
+ See f.e.
+ the cast 
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+(unsigned char)(tail-1)
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\series bold
+within the if clause in section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Calling other functions from an interrupt service routine on a target where
+ functions are non-reentrant by default is not recommended, avoid it if
+ possible.
+ Note that when some function is called from an interrupt service routine
+ it should be preceded by a #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nooverlay
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nooverlay
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ if it is not reentrant.
+ Furthermore non-reentrant functions should not be called from the main
+ program while the interrupt service routine might be active.
+ They also must not be called from low priority interrupt service routines
+ while a high priority interrupt service routine might be active.
+ You could use semaphores or make the function 
+\emph on
+critical
+\emph default
+ if all parameters are passed in registers.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ Also see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Overlaying"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+about Overlaying and section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Functions-using-private-banks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+about Functions using private register banks.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+MCS51/DS390 Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ numbers and the corresponding address & descriptions for the Standard 8051/8052
+ are listed below.
+ SDCC will automatically adjust the 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt vector table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to the maximum interrupt number specified.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt #
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Vector Address
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+External 0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x0003
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Timer 0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x000b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+External 1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x0013
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Timer 1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x001b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Serial
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x0023
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Timer 2 (8052)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x002b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+n
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x0003 + 8*n
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the interrupt service routine is defined without 
+\emph on
+__using
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ a register bank or with register bank 0 (
+\emph on
+__using
+\emph default
+ 0), the compiler will save the registers used by itself on the stack upon
+ entry and restore them at exit, however if such an interrupt service routine
+ calls another function then the entire register bank will be saved on the
+ stack.
+ This scheme may be advantageous for small interrupt service routines which
+ have low register usage.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the interrupt service routine is defined to be using a specific register
+ bank then only 
+\emph on
+a, b, dptr
+\emph default
+ & psw are saved and restored, if such an interrupt service routine calls
+ another function (using another register bank) then the entire register
+ bank of the called function will be saved on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This scheme is recommended for larger interrupt service routines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since the number of interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08!interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ available is chip specific and the interrupt vector table always ends at
+ the last byte of memory, the interrupt numbers corresponds to the interrupt
+ vectors in reverse order of address.
+ For example, interrupt 1 will use the interrupt vector at 0xfffc, interrupt
+ 2 will use the interrupt vector at 0xfffa, and so on.
+ However, interrupt 0 (the reset vector at 0xfffe) is not redefinable in
+ this way; instead see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-Startup-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details on customizing startup.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Z80 and Z180 Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ uses several different methods for determining the correct interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ vector depending on the hardware implementation.
+ Therefore, SDCC does not attempt to generate an interrupt vector table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, SDCC generates code for a maskable interrupt, which uses a RETI
+ instruction to return from the interrupt.
+ To write an interrupt handler for the non-maskable interrupt, which needs
+ a RETN instruction instead, leave out the interrupt number:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void nmi_isr (void) __critical __interrupt
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since interrupts on the Z80 and Z180 are level-triggered (except for the
+ NMI), interruptible interrupt handlers should only be used where hardware
+ acknowledge is available.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Behaviour
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by further interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Non-interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __critical __interrupt(0)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by NMI only
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+NMI handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __critical __interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by NMI only
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Rabbit 2000, 3000, 3000A and 4000 Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC does not attempt to generate an interrupt vector table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Behaviour
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by further interrupts of same priority
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Non-interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __critical __interrupt(0)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by interrupts of higher priority only
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+GBZ80 and TLCS-90 Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC does not attempt to generate an interrupt vector table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Behaviour
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler can be interrupted by further interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Non-interruptible interrupt handler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+void f(void) __critical __interrupt(0)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt handler cannot be interrupted by further interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+STM8 Interrupt Service Routines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The STM8 interrupt table contains 31 entries: Reset (used by SDCC for program
+ startup), trap and user interrupts 0 to 29.
+ Where the keyword 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ is used for normal user interrupts, the 
+\emph on
+__trap
+\emph default
+ keyword is used for the trap handler:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void handler (void) __trap
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Enabling and Disabling Interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Critical Functions and Critical Statements
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A special keyword may be associated with a block or a function declaring
+ it as 
+\emph on
+__critical
+\emph default
+.
+ SDCC will generate code to disable all interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ upon entry to a critical function and restore the interrupt enable to the
+ previous state before returning.
+ Nesting critical functions will need one additional byte on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for each call.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int foo () __critical
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+critical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+critical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The critical attribute maybe used with other attributes like 
+\emph on
+reentrant.
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The keyword 
+\emph on
+__critical
+\emph default
+ may also be used to disable interrupts more locally:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__critical{ i++; }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+More than one statement could have been included in the block.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling and Disabling Interrupts directly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can also be disabled and enabled directly (8051):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+EA = 0;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+or:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+EA_SAVE = EA;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+EA = 0;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+EA = 1;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+EA = EA_SAVE;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+On other architectures which have separate opcodes for enabling and disabling
+ interrupts you might want to make use of defines with inline assembly
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08!interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#define CLI __asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+cli
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#define SEI __asm
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sei
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm; 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+or for SDCC version 3.2.0 or newer:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#define CLI asm (
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+cli
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+); 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#define SEI asm (
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+sei
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+); 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note: it is sometimes sufficient to disable only a specific interrupt source
+ like f.e.
+ a timer or serial interrupt by manipulating an 
+\emph on
+interrupt mask
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt mask
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ register.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Usually the time during which interrupts are disabled should be kept as
+ short as possible.
+ This minimizes both 
+\emph on
+interrupt latency
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt latency
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (the time between the occurrence of the interrupt and the execution of
+ the first code in the interrupt routine) and 
+\emph on
+interrupt jitter
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt jitter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (the difference between the shortest and the longest interrupt latency).
+ These really are something different, f.e.
+ a serial interrupt has to be served before its buffer overruns so it cares
+ for the maximum interrupt latency, whereas it does not care about jitter.
+ On a loudspeaker driven via a digital to analog converter which is fed
+ by an interrupt a latency of a few milliseconds might be tolerable, whereas
+ a much smaller jitter will be very audible.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can re-enable interrupts within an interrupt routine and on some architectur
+es you can make use of two (or more) levels of 
+\emph on
+interrupt priorities
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt priority
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ On some architectures which don't support interrupt priorities these can
+ be implemented by manipulating the interrupt mask and re-enabling interrupts
+ within the interrupt routine.
+ Check there is sufficient space on the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and don't add complexity unless you have to.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Semaphore
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+semaphore
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ locking (mcs51/ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some architectures (mcs51/ds390) have an atomic
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+atomic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ bit test and clear instruction.
+ These type of instructions are typically used in preemptive multitasking
+ systems, where a routine f.e.
+ claims the use of a data structure ('acquires a lock
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+lock
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ on it'), makes some modifications and then releases the lock when the data
+ structure is consistent again.
+ The instruction may also be used if interrupt and non-interrupt code have
+ to compete for a resource.
+ With the atomic bit test and clear instruction interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ don't have to be disabled for the locking operation.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC generates this instruction if the source follows this pattern:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+volatile
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ bit resource_is_free;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+if (resource_is_free)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+resource_is_free=0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+resource_is_free=1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+} 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, mcs51 and ds390 support only an atomic
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+atomic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ bit test and 
+\emph on
+clear
+\emph default
+ instruction (as opposed to atomic bit test and 
+\emph on
+set).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Functions using private register banks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Functions-using-private-banks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (mcs51/ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some architectures have support for quickly changing register sets.
+ SDCC supports this feature with the 
+\emph on
+__using
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+using (mcs51, ds390 register bank)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ attribute (which tells the compiler to use a register bank
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+register bank (mcs51, ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ other than the default bank zero).
+ It should only be applied to 
+\emph on
+interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ functions (see footnote below).
+ This will in most circumstances make the generated ISR code more efficient
+ since it will not have to save registers on the stack.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The 
+\emph on
+__using
+\emph default
+ attribute will have no effect on the generated code for a 
+\emph on
+non-interrupt
+\emph default
+ function (but may occasionally be useful anyway
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+possible exception: if a function is called ONLY from 'interrupt' functions
+ using a particular bank, it can be declared with the same 'using' attribute
+ as the calling 'interrupt' functions.
+ For instance, if you have several ISRs using bank one, and all of them
+ call memcpy(), it might make sense to create a specialized version of memcpy()
+ 'using 1', since this would prevent the ISR from having to save bank zero
+ to the stack on entry and switch to bank zero before calling the function
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+(pending: Note, nowadays the
+\emph default
+ __using 
+\emph on
+attribute has an effect on
+\emph default
+ 
+\emph on
+the generated code for a
+\emph default
+ non-interrupt 
+\emph on
+function
+\emph default
+.
+\emph on
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An 
+\emph on
+interrupt
+\emph default
+ function using a non-zero bank will assume that it can trash that register
+ bank, and will not save it.
+ Since high-priority interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt priority
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can interrupt low-priority ones on the 8051 and friends, this means that
+ if a high-priority ISR 
+\emph on
+using
+\emph default
+ a particular bank occurs while processing a low-priority ISR 
+\emph on
+using
+\emph default
+ the same bank, terrible and bad things can happen.
+ To prevent this, no single register bank should be 
+\emph on
+used
+\emph default
+ by both a high priority and a low priority ISR.
+ This is probably most easily done by having all high priority ISRs use
+ one bank and all low priority ISRs use another.
+ If you have an ISR which can change priority at runtime, you're on your
+ own: I suggest using the default bank zero and taking the small performance
+ hit.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is most efficient if your ISR calls no other functions.
+ If your ISR must call other functions, it is most efficient if those functions
+ use the same bank as the ISR (see note 1 below); the next best is if the
+ called functions use bank zero.
+ It is very inefficient to call a function using a different, non-zero bank
+ from an ISR.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Inline Assembler Code
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Inline-Assembler-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Inline Assembler Code Formats
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports two formats for inline assembler code definition:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Old __asm ...
+ __endasm; Format
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most of inline assembler code examples in this manual use the old inline
+ assembler code format, but the new format could be used equivalently.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__asm
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; This is a comment
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nop
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+New __asm__ (
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+inline_assembler_code
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+) Format
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The __asm__ inline assembler code format was introduced in SDCC version
+ 3.2.0.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__asm__ (
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+; This is a comment
+\backslash
+nlabel:
+\backslash
+n
+\backslash
+tnop
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+A Step by Step Introduction
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:A-Step-by Assembler Introduction"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Starting from a small snippet of c-code this example shows for the MCS51
+ how to use inline assembly, access variables, a function parameter and
+ an array in xdata memory.
+ The example uses an MCS51 here but is easily adapted for other architectures.
+ This is a buffer routine which should be optimized:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+unsigned char __far
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+far (named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ __at
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+at
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(0x7f00) buf[0x100];
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Aligned array
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char head, tail;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* if interrupts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are involved see
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ about
+\family default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+volatile
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+*/
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void to_buffer( unsigned char c ) 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) )
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* cast
+\family default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+needed
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+to avoid promotion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+promotion to signed int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type promotion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to integer */
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+buf[ head++ ] = c;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* access to a 256 byte aligned array */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the code snippet (assume it is saved in buffer.c) is compiled with SDCC
+ then a corresponding buffer.asm file is generated.
+ We define a new function 
+\family typewriter
+to_buffer_asm()
+\family default
+ in file buffer.c in which we cut and paste the generated code, removing
+ unwanted comments and some ':'.
+ Then add 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+__asm
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ and 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+__endasm;
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note, that the single underscore form (_asm and _endasm) are not C99 compatible,
+ and for C99 compatibility, the double-underscore form (__asm and __endasm)
+ has to be used.
+ The latter is also used in the library functions.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to the beginning and the end of the function body:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+/* With a cut and paste from the .asm file, we have something to start with.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+The function is not yet OK! (registers aren't saved) */ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void to_buffer_asm( unsigned char c ) 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r2,dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;buffer.c if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) ) 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* cast
+\family default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+needed
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+to avoid promotion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+promotion to signed int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type promotion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to integer */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_tail
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dec
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r3,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_head
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+cjne a,ar3,00106$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ret
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00106$:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;buffer.c buf[ head++ ] = c; /* access to a 256 byte aligned array */
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Aligned array
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r3,_head
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_head
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dpl,r3
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dph,#(_buf >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,r2
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @dptr,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00103$:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ret
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The new file buffer.c should compile with only one warning about the unreferenced
+ function argument 'c'.
+ Now we hand-optimize the assembly code and insert an #define USE_ASSEMBLY
+ (1) and finally have:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+unsigned char __far __at(0x7f00) buf[0x100];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char head, tail;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#define USE_ASSEMBLY (1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#if !USE_ASSEMBLY
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void to_buffer( unsigned char c )
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) )
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+buf[ head++ ] = c;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#else
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void to_buffer( unsigned char c )
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+c; // to avoid warning: unreferenced function argument
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; save used registers here.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; If we were still using r2,r3 we would have to push them here.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; if( head != (unsigned char)(tail-1) )
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,_tail
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dec
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+xrl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,_head
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; we could do an ANL a,#0x0f here to use a smaller buffer (see below)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ t_b_end$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; buf[ head++ ] = c;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,dpl 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; dpl holds lower byte of function argument
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ dpl,_head 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; buf is 0x100 byte aligned so head can be used directly
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ dph,#(_buf>>8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @dptr,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_head
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; we could do an ANL _head,#0x0f here to use a smaller buffer (see above)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+t_b_end$:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; restore used registers here
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#endif
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The inline assembler code can contain any valid code understood by the assembler
+, this includes any assembler directives and comment lines.
+ The assembler does not like some characters like ':' or ''' in comments.
+ You'll find an 100+ pages assembler manual in sdcc/sdas/doc/asmlnk.txt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas (sdasgb, sdas6808, sdas8051, sdasz80)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler documentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or online at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://svn.code.sf.net/p/sdcc/code/trunk/sdcc/sdas/doc/asmlnk.txt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler does not do any validation of the code within the 
+\family typewriter
+__asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ ...
+ __endasm
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+;
+\family default
+ keyword pair.
+ Specifically it will not know which registers are used and thus register
+ pushing/popping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+push/pop
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ has to be done manually.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is required that each assembly instruction be placed on a separate line.
+ This is also recommended for labels (as the example shows).
+ This is especially important to note when the inline assembler is placed
+ in a C preprocessor macro as the preprocessor will normally put all replacing
+ code on a single line.
+ Only when the macro has each assembly instruction on a single line that
+ ends with a line continuation character will it be placed as separate lines
+ in the resulting .asm file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+#define
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+DELAY
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+nop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\emph on
+peep-asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ command line option is used, the inline assembler code will be passed through
+ the peephole optimizer
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Peephole optimizer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ There are only a few (if any) cases where this option makes sense, it might
+ cause some unexpected changes in the inline assembler code.
+ Please go through the peephole optimizer rules defined in file 
+\emph on
+peeph.def
+\emph default
+ before using this option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Naked Functions
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Naked-Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Naked functions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A special keyword may be associated with a function declaring it as 
+\emph on
+__naked
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+naked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+naked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\emph default
+ The 
+\emph on
+_naked
+\emph default
+ function modifier attribute prevents the compiler from generating prologue
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function prologue
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and epilogue
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function epilogue
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ code for that function.
+ This means that the user is entirely responsible for such things as saving
+ any registers that may need to be preserved, selecting the proper register
+ bank, generating the 
+\emph on
+return
+\emph default
+ instruction at the end, etc.
+ Practically, this means that the contents of the function must be written
+ in inline assembler.
+ This is particularly useful for interrupt functions, which can have a large
+ (and often unnecessary) prologue/epilogue.
+ For example, compare the code generated by these two functions:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+volatile
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ data unsigned char counter;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void simpleInterrupt(void) __interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+counter++;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void nakedInterrupt(void) __interrupt (2) __naked
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_counter ; does not change flags, no need to save psw
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reti
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; MUST explicitly include ret or reti in _naked function.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For an 8051 target, the generated simpleInterrupt looks like:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+Note, this is an
+\family default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+outdated
+\family default
+\emph default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+example, recent versions of SDCC generate
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+the
+\family default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+same
+\family default
+\emph default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+code for simpleInterrupt() and nakedInterrupt()!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+_simpleInterrupt:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+acc
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dph
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+psw
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+psw,#0x00
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_counter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+psw
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dph
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+acc
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reti
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+whereas nakedInterrupt looks like:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+_nakedInterrupt:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_counter ; does not change flags, no need to save psw
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reti
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; MUST explicitly include ret or reti in _naked function
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The related directive #pragma exclude
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma exclude
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ allows a more fine grained control over pushing & popping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+push/pop
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the registers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+While there is nothing preventing you from writing C code inside a 
+\family typewriter
+_naked
+\family default
+ function, there are many ways to shoot yourself in the foot doing this,
+ and it is recommended that you stick to inline assembler.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Use of Labels within Inline Assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows the use of in-line assembler with a few restrictions regarding
+ labels.
+ All labels defined within inline assembler code have to be of the form
+ 
+\emph on
+nnnnn$
+\emph default
+ where nnnnn is a number less than 100 (which implies a limit of utmost
+ 100 inline assembler labels 
+\emph on
+per function
+\emph default
+\noun on
+)
+\noun default
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a slightly more stringent rule than absolutely necessary, but stays
+ always on the safe side.
+ Labels in the form of nnnnn$ are local labels in the assembler, locality
+ of which is confined within two labels of the standard form.
+ The compiler uses the same form for labels within a function (but starting
+ from nnnnn=00100); and places always a standard label at the beginning
+ of a function, thus limiting the locality of labels within the scope of
+ the function.
+ So, if the inline assembler part would be embedded into C-code, an improperly
+ placed non-local label in the assembler would break up the reference space
+ for labels created by the compiler for the C-code, leading to an assembling
+ error.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The numeric part of local labels does not need to have 5 digits (although
+ this is the form of labels output by the compiler), any valid integer will
+ do.
+ Please refer to the assemblers documentation for further details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__asm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b,#10
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00001$:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b,00001$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ ;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inline assembler code cannot reference any C-labels, however it can reference
+ labels
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Labels
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ defined by the inline assembler, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+foo() {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* some c code */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; some assembler code
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ljmp 0003$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* some more c code */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+clabel:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* inline assembler cannot reference this label */ 
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Here, the C-label 
+\family typewriter
+clabel
+\family default
+ is translated by the compiler into a local label, so the locality of labels
+ within the function is not broken.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+0003$: ;label (can be referenced by inline assembler only)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+endasm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ ;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* some more c code */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In other words inline assembly code can access labels defined in inline
+ assembly within the scope of the function.
+ The same goes the other way, i.e.
+ labels defines in inline assembly can not be accessed by C statements.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Support routines for integer multiplicative operators
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Depending on the target architecture, some integer multiplicative operators
+ might be implemented by support routines.
+ These support routines exist in portable C versions to facilitate porting
+ to other MCUs, although depending on the target, assembler routines might
+ be used instead.
+ The following files contain some of the described routines, all of them
+ can be found in <installdir>/share/sdcc/lib.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Function
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_mulint.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16 bit multiplication
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_divsint.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ signed 16 bit division (calls _divuint)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_divuint.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ unsigned 16 bit division
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_modsint.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signed 16 bit modulus (calls _moduint)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_moduint.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned 16 bit modulus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_mullong.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+32 bit multiplication
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_divslong.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ signed 32 division (calls _divulong)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_divulong.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned 32 division
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_modslong.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ signed 32 bit modulus (calls _modulong)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_modulong.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unsigned 32 bit modulus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the mcs51, ds390, hc08, s08, pic14 and pic16 backends they are by default
+ compiled as 
+\emph on
+non-reentrant
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; when targeting on of these architectures, interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ service routines should not do any of the above operations.
+ If this is unavoidable then the above routines will need to be compiled
+ with the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option, after which the source program will have to be compiled with 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ option.
+ Notice that you don't have to call these routines directly.
+ The compiler will use them automatically every time an integer operation
+ is required.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Floating Point Support
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC supports (single precision 4 bytes) floating point numbers; the format
+ is somewhat similar to IEEE, but it is not IEEE; in particular, denormalized
+ floating -point numbers are not supported.
+ The floating point support routines are derived from gcc's floatlib.c and
+ consist of the following routines:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Function 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fsadd.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+add floating point numbers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fssub.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+subtract floating point numbers 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fsdiv.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+divide floating point numbers 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fsmul.c 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+multiply floating point numbers 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2uchar.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to unsigned char
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2char.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to signed char
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2uint.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to unsigned int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2int.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to signed int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2ulong.
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\noun default
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to unsigned long
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_fs2long.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert floating point to signed long
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_uchar2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert unsigned char to floating point
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_char2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert char to floating point number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_uint2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert unsigned int to floating point
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_int2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert int to floating point numbers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_ulong2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert unsigned long to floating point number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_long2fs.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+convert long to floating point number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Library Routines
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+<pending: this is messy and incomplete - a little more information is at
+ 
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/List_of_the_SDCC_library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compiler support routines (_gptrget, _mulint etc.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Stdclib functions (puts, printf, strcat etc.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+<stdio.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph
+getchar(), putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<stdio.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+As usual on embedded systems you have to provide your own 
+\family typewriter
+getchar()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+getchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+putchar()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ routines.
+ SDCC does not know whether the system connects to a serial line with or
+ without handshake, LCD, keyboard or other device.
+ And whether a 
+\family typewriter
+lf
+\family default
+ to 
+\family typewriter
+crlf
+\family default
+ conversion within 
+\family typewriter
+putchar()
+\family default
+ is intended.
+ You'll find examples for serial routines f.e.
+ in sdcc/device/lib.
+ For the mcs51 this minimalistic polling 
+\family typewriter
+putchar()
+\family default
+ routine might be a start:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int putchar (int c) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+while (!TI)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* assumes UART is initialized */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TI = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SBUF = c;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return c;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph
+printf()
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default 
+\family typewriter
+printf()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ implementation in 
+\family typewriter
+printf_large.c
+\family default
+ does not support float
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (except on ds390), only <NO FLOAT>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<NO FLOAT>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ will be printed instead of the value.
+ To enable floating point output, recompile it with the option 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+DUSE_FLOATS=1
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+USE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+FLOATS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ on the command line.
+ Use 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ for the mcs51 port, since this uses a lot of memory.
+ To enable float support for the pic16 targets, see 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:pic16Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you're short on code memory you might want to use 
+\family typewriter
+printf_small()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!printf
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
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+
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+_
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+
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+small()
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+
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+ 
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+\family default
+ For the mcs51 there additionally are assembly versions 
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+\begin_inset Index idx
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+
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+status collapsed
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+
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+
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+tiny() (mcs51)
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+
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+\end_layout
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+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (floating-point aware version of printf_fast) which should fit the requirements
+ of many embedded systems (printf_fast() can be customized by unsetting
+ #defines to 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ support long variables and field widths).
+ Be sure to use only one of these printf options within a project.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Feature matrix of different 
+\emph on
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+\emph default
+ options on mcs51.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
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+ putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small / large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3.01 / 3.61 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3.01 / 3.61 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3.51 / 18.13 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.22 / 0.22 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.23 / 0.23 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.25 / 0.25 ms
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf_tiny integer speed is data dependent, worst case is 0.33 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+long speed
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Execution time of printf("%ld", -123456789); standard 8051 @ 22.1184 MHz,
+ empty putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small / large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+5.37 / 6.31 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+5.37 / 6.31 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8.71 / 40.65 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.40 / 0.40 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.40 / 0.40 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+float speed
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Execution time of printf("%.3f", -12345.678); standard 8051 @ 22.1184 MHz,
+ empty putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small / large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+7.49 / 22.47 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1.04 / 1.04 ms
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+<malloc.h>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+malloc.h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As of SDCC 2.6.2 you no longer need to call an initialization routine before
+ using dynamic memory allocation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+dynamic memory allocation (malloc)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and a default heap
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+heap (malloc)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ space of 1024 bytes is provided for malloc to allocate memory from.
+ If you need a different heap size you need to recompile _heap.c with the
+ required size defined in HEAP_SIZE.
+ It is recommended to make a copy of this file into your project directory
+ and compile it there with:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+sdcc -c _heap.c -D HEAP_SIZE=2048
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+And then link it with:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+sdcc main.rel _heap.rel
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math functions (sinf, powf, sqrtf etc.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+<math.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See definitions in file <math.h>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Libraries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ included in SDCC should have a license at least as liberal as the GPLv2+LE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GPLv2+LE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Exception are pic device libraries and header files which are derived from
+ Microchip header (.inc) and linker script (.lkr) files.
+ Microchip requires that "The header files should state that they are only
+ to be used with authentic Microchip devices" which makes them incompatible
+ with GPL.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have ported some library or want to share experience about some code
+ which f.e.
+ falls into any of these categories Busses (I
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\textrm{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+C, CAN, Ethernet, Profibus, Modbus, USB, SPI, JTAG ...), Media (IDE, Memory
+ cards, eeprom, flash...), En-/Decryption, Remote debugging, Realtime kernel,
+ Keyboard, LCD, RTC, FPGA, PID then the sdcc-user mailing list 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/mailman/sdcc-user/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ would certainly like to hear about it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Programmers coding for embedded systems are not especially famous for being
+ enthusiastic, so don't expect a big hurray but as the mailing list is searchabl
+e these references are very valuable.
+ Let's help to create a climate where information is shared.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Memory Models
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+MCS51 Memory Models
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51 memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Small, Medium, Large and Huge
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC allows four memory models for MCS51 code, 
+\shape slanted
+small, medium, large
+\shape default
+ and 
+\shape slanted
+huge
+\shape default
+.
+ Modules compiled with different memory models should 
+\emph on
+never
+\emph default
+ be combined together or the results would be unpredictable.
+ The library routines supplied with the compiler are compiled for all models
+ (however, the libraries for –stack-auto are compiled for the small and
+ large models only).
+ The compiled library modules are contained in separate directories as small,
+ medium, large and huge so that you can link to the appropriate set.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the medium, large or huge model is used all variables declared without
+ specifying an intrinsic named address space will be allocated into the
+ external ram, this includes all parameters and local variables (for non-reentra
+nt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ functions).
+ Medium model uses pdata and large and huge models use xdata.
+ When the small model is used variables without an explicitly specified
+ intrinsic named address space are allocated in the internal ram.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The huge model compiles all functions as 
+\emph on
+banked
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bankswitching"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ and is otherwise equal to large for now.
+ All other models compile the functions without bankswitching by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Judicious usage of the processor specific intrinsic named address spaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+intrinsic named address space
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and the 'reentrant' function type will yield much more efficient code,
+ than using the large model.
+ Several optimizations are disabled when the program is compiled using the
+ large model, it is therefore recommended that the small model be used unless
+ absolutely required.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+External Stack
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:External-Stack"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+External stack (mcs51)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The external stack (-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack option
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) is located in pdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ memory (usually at the start of the external ram segment) and uses all
+ unused space in pdata (max.
+ 256 bytes).
+ When -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack option is used to compile the program, the parameters and local
+ variables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+local variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of all reentrant functions are allocated in this area.
+ This option is provided for programs with large stack space requirements.
+ When used with the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option, all parameters and local variables are allocated on the external
+ stack (note: support libraries will need to be recompiled with the same
+ options.
+ There is a predefined target in the library makefile).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler outputs the higher order address byte of the external ram segment
+ into port P2
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P2 (mcs51 sfr)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (see also section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-variants"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), therefore when using the External Stack option, this port 
+\emph on
+may not
+\emph default
+ be used by the application program.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+DS390 Memory Model
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS390 memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The only model supported is Flat 24
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Flat 24 (DS390 memory model)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This generates code for the 24 bit contiguous addressing mode of the Dallas
+ DS80C390 part.
+ In this mode, up to four meg of external RAM or code space can be directly
+ addressed.
+ See the data sheets at www.dalsemi.com for further information on this part.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that the compiler does not generate any code to place the processor
+ into 24 bit mode (although 
+\emph on
+tinibios
+\emph default
+ in the ds390 libraries will do that for you).
+ If you don't use 
+\emph on
+tinibios
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tinibios (DS390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the boot loader or similar code must ensure that the processor is in 24
+ bit contiguous addressing mode before calling the SDCC startup code.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Like the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\emph default
+ option, variables will by default be placed into the XDATA segment.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Segments may be placed anywhere in the 4 meg address space using the usual
+ -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-*-loc options.
+ Note that if any segments are located above 64K, the -r flag must be passed
+ to the linker to generate the proper segment relocations, and the Intel
+ HEX output format must be used.
+ The -r flag can be passed to the linker by using the option 
+\emph on
+-Wl-r
+\emph default
+ on the SDCC command line.
+ However, currently the linker can not handle code segments > 64k.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+STM8 Memory Models
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STM8 memory models
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC implements two memory models for the STM8: 
+\emph on
+medium
+\emph default
+ (default) and 
+\emph on
+large
+\emph default
+.
+ Modules compiled with different memory models should 
+\emph on
+never
+\emph default
+ be combined together.
+ The library routines supplied with the compiler are compiled for all models.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the medium model the address space is 16 bits for both objects and functions,
+ allowing for a memory space of 64 KB.
+ Since the STM8 typically has Flash starting at 0x8000, this means that
+ only up to 32 KB of Flash can be used (most STM8 devices don't have more
+ than 32 KB of Flash).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the large memory model, the address space is 16 bits for objects and
+ 24 bits for functions.
+ Since the STM8 typically has flash starting at 0x8000, this means that
+ up to 32 KB of flash can be used for constant data, while the whole Flash
+ can be used for functions.
+ Code generated for the large model is slightly bigger and slower and needs
+ slightly more stack space than code generated for the medium model.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Pragmas
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pragmas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pragmas are used to turn on and/or off certain compiler options.
+ Some of them are closely related to corresponding command-line options
+ (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "sec:Command-Line-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Pragmas should be placed before and/or after a function, placing pragmas
+ inside a function body could have unpredictable results.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SDCC supports the following #pragma directives:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+save
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma save
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - this will save most current options to the save/restore stack.
+ See #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+restore.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+restore
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma restore
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - will restore saved options from the last save.
+ saves & restores can be nested.
+ SDCC uses a save/restore stack: save pushes current options to the stack,
+ restore pulls current options from the stack.
+ See #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+save.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+callee_saves
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma callee
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function prologue
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ function1[,function2[,function3...]] 
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "ite:callee_saves-function1[,function2[,function3...]]--"
+
+\end_inset
+
+- The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register saving
+ across function calls, however this can cause unnecessary register pushing
+ and popping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+push/pop
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ when calling small functions from larger functions.
+ This option can be used to switch off the register saving convention for
+ the function names specified.
+ The compiler will not save registers when calling these functions, extra
+ code need to be manually inserted at the entry and exit for these functions
+ to save and restore the registers used by these functions, this can SUBSTANTIAL
+LY reduce code and improve run time performance of the generated code.
+ In the future the compiler (with inter procedural analysis) may be able
+ to determine the appropriate scheme to use for each function call.
+ If -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves command line option is used (see page 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:--callee-saves-function1[,function2][,function3]..."
+
+\end_inset
+
+), the function names specified in #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+callee_saves
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma callee
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is appended to the list of functions specified in the command line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+exclude
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma exclude
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ none | {acc[,b[,dpl[,dph[,bits]]]]} - The exclude pragma disables the generatio
+n of pairs of push/pop
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+push/pop
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instructions in 
+\emph on
+I
+\emph default
+nterrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\emph on
+S
+\emph default
+ervice 
+\emph on
+R
+\emph default
+outines.
+ The directive should be placed immediately before the ISR function definition
+ and it affects ALL ISR functions following it.
+ To enable the normal register saving for ISR functions use #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+exclude
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+none
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma exclude
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See also the related keyword 
+\emph on
+__naked
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+naked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+naked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+less_pedantic
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma less
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "ite:less_pedantic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - the compiler will not warn you anymore for obvious mistakes, you're on
+ your own now ;-(.
+ See also the command line option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-less-pedantic 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:--less-pedantic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+More specifically, the following warnings will be disabled: 
+\shape italic
+comparison is always [true/false] due to limited range of data type
+\shape default
+ (94); 
+\shape italic
+overflow in implicit constant conversion
+\shape default
+ (158); [the (in)famous] 
+\shape italic
+conditional flow changed by optimizer: so said EVELYN the modified DOG
+\shape default
+ (110); 
+\shape italic
+function '[function name]' must return value
+\shape default
+ (59).
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Furthermore, warnings of less importance (of PEDANTIC and INFO warning level)
+ are disabled, too, namely: 
+\shape italic
+constant value '[
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+dunno what comes here - this warning appears to be unused altogether
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+]', out of range
+\shape default
+ (81); 
+\shape italic
+[left/right] shifting more than size of object changed to zero
+\shape default
+ (116); 
+\shape italic
+unreachable code
+\shape default
+ (126); 
+\shape italic
+integer overflow in expression
+\shape default
+ (165); 
+\shape italic
+unmatched #pragma save and #pragma restore
+\shape default
+ (170); 
+\shape italic
+comparison of 'signed char' with 'unsigned char' requires promotion to int
+\shape default
+ (185); 
+\shape italic
+ISO C90 does not support flexible array members
+\shape default
+ (187); 
+\shape italic
+extended stack by [number] bytes for compiler temp(s) :in function '[function
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+name]':
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+[
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+appears to be always blank - what was supposed to be here?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+]
+\shape default
+ (114); 
+\shape italic
+function '[function name]', # edges [number] , # nodes [number] , cyclomatic
+ complexity [number]
+\shape default
+ (121).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+disable_warning
+\series default
+ <nnnn>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma disable
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+warning
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - the compiler will not warn you anymore about warning number <nnnn>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+nogcse
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nogcse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - will stop global common subexpression elimination.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+noinduction
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - will stop loop induction optimizations.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+noinvariant
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinvariant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - will not do loop invariant optimizations.
+ For more details see Loop Invariants in section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Loop-Optimizations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+noiv
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noiv
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Do not generate interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ vector table
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+interrupt vector table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ entries for all ISR functions defined after the pragma.
+ This is useful in cases where the interrupt vector table must be defined
+ manually, or when there is a secondary, manually defined interrupt vector
+ table (e.g.
+ for the autovector feature of the Cypress EZ-USB FX2).
+ More elegantly this can be achieved by omitting the optional interrupt
+ number after the 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\emph default
+ keyword, see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Interrupt-Service-Routines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+about interrupts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+noloopreverse
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noloopreverse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - Will not do loop reversal optimization
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+nooverlay
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nooverlay
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ - the compiler will not overlay the parameters and local variables of a
+ function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+stackauto
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma stackauto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- See option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Parameters-and-Local-Variables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Parameters and Local Variables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+opt_code_speed
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma opt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+code
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+speed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- The compiler will optimize code generation towards fast code, possibly
+ at the expense of code size.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+opt_code_size
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma opt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+code
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- The compiler will optimize code generation towards compact code, possibly
+ at the expense of code speed.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+opt_code_balanced
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma opt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+code
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+balanced
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- The compiler will attempt to generate code that is both compact and fast,
+ as long as meeting one goal is not a detriment to the other (this is the
+ default).
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+std_sdcc89
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma std
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Generally follow the C89 standard, but allow SDCC features that conflict
+ with the standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+std_c89
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma std
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+c89
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Follow the C89 standard and disable SDCC features that conflict with the
+ standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+std_sdcc99
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma std
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Generally follow the C99 standard, but allow SDCC features that conflict
+ with the standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+std_c99
+\series default
+ 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma std
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+c99
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Follow the C99 standard and disable SDCC features that conflict with the
+ standard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+codeseg
+\series default
+ <name>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma codeseg
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Use this name (max.
+ 8 characters) for the code segment.
+ See option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+constseg
+\series default
+ <name>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma constseg
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Use this name (max.
+ 8 characters) for the const segment.
+ See option -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-constseg.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The preprocessor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preprocessor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ SDCPP
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcpp (preprocessor)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ supports the following #pragma directives:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+pedantic_parse_number
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pedantic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma pedantic
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+parse
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (+ | -) 
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "ite:pedantic_parse_number"
+
+\end_inset
+
+- Pedantic parse numbers so that situations like 0xfe-LO_B(3) are parsed
+ properly and the macro LO_B(3) gets expanded.
+ Default is off.
+ See also the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pedantic-parse-number command line option 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "lyx:-pedantic-parse-number"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
+ 
+\emph on
+Note: this functionality is not in conformance with standard!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma pedantic_parse_number +
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma pedantic
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+parse
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+number
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#define LO_B(x) ((x) & 0xff)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char foo(void)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char c=0xfe-LO_B(3);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return c;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+preproc_asm
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma preproc
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (+ | -) - switch the __asm __endasm block preprocessing on / off.
+ Default is on.
+ Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma preproc_asm -
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma preproc
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/* this is a c code nop */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#define NOP ;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void foo (void)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+while (--i)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+NOP
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; this is an assembler nop instruction
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; it is not preprocessed to ';' since the asm preprocessing is disabled
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+NOP
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+The pragma preproc_asm should not be used to define multilines of assembly
+ code (even if it supports it), since this behavior is only a side effect
+ of sdcpp __asm __endasm implementation in combination with pragma preproc_asm
+ and is not in conformance with the C standard.
+ This behavior might be changed in the future sdcpp versions.
+ To define multilines of assembly code you have to include each assembly
+ line into it's own __asm __endasm block.
+ Below is an example for multiline assembly defines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#define Nop __asm 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+nop 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#define ThreeNops Nop; 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Nop; 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Nop
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void foo (void)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ThreeNops;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+sdcc_hash
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma sdcc
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+hash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (+ | -) - Allow "naked" hash in macro definition, for example:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+#define DIR_LO(x) #(x & 0xff)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Default is off.
+ Below is an example on how to use this pragma.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma preproc_asm +
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma sdcc_hash +
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma sdcc
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+hash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#define ROMCALL(x) 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov R6_B3, #(x & 0xff) 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov R7_B3, #((x >> 8) & 0xff) 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lcall __romcall
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ROMCALL(72)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__endasm;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some of the pragmas are intended to be used to turn-on or off certain optimizati
+ons which might cause the compiler to generate extra stack and/or data space
+ to store compiler generated temporary variables.
+ This usually happens in large functions.
+ Pragma directives should be used as shown in the following example, they
+ are used to control options and optimizations for a given function.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma save
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma save
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* save the current settings */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma nogcse
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma nogcse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* turnoff global subexpression elimination */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma noinduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ /* turn off induction optimizations */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int foo ()
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* large code */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#pragma restore
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma restore
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ /* turn the optimizations back on */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler will generate a warning message when extra space is allocated.
+ It is strongly recommended that the save and restore pragmas be used when
+ changing options for a function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Defines Created by the Compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides defines from the C standards, the compiler creates the following
+ #defines
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+defines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Defines created by the compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="3in">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="3in">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+#define
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!__SDCC (version macro)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+version macro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Always defined.
+ Version number string (e.g.
+ SDCC_3_2_0 for sdcc 3.2.0).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+OBSOLETE.
+ WILL BE REMOVED IN THE FUTURE.
+ CURRENTLY Only defined for the mcs51 backend (and only if –std-cXX is not
+ used).
+ This macro has been available since SDCC 2.5.6 and is the version number
+ as an int (ex.
+ 256).
+ PLEASE USE OTHER VERSION MACROS INSTEAD!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_mcs51
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!__SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+mcs51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or __SDCC_ds390
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!__SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ds390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or __SDCC_z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!__SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, etc.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+depending on the model used (e.g.: -mds390).
+ Older versions used SDCC_mcs51, etc instead.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_STACK_AUTO
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+STACK
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+AUTO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto
+\emph default
+ option is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_SMALL
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SMALL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-small
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_MEDIUM
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MEDIUM
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-medium
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_LARGE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LARGE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-large
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_HUGE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LARGE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-model-huge
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_USE_XSTACK
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+USE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+XSTACK
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-xstack
+\emph default
+ option is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_STACK_TENBIT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+STACK
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+TENBIT (ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_FLAT24
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+FLAT24 (ds390)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-mds390
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_VERSION_MAJOR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Always defined.
+ SDCC major version number.
+ E.g.
+ 3 for SDCC 3.5.0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_VERSION_MINOR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Always defined.
+ SDCC minor version number.
+ E.g.
+ 5 for SDCC 3.5.0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_VERSION_PATCH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Always defined.
+ SDCC patchlevel version number.
+ E.g.
+ 0 for SDCC 3.5.0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_REVISION
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+REVISION (svn revision number)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Always defined.
+ SDCC svn revision number.
+ Older versions of sdcc used SDCC_REVISION instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC_PARMS_IN_BANK1
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+PARMS
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+IN
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+BANK1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-parms-in-bank1
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_ALL_CALLEE_SAVES
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ALL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CALLEE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SAVES
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_FLOAT_REENT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+FLOAT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+REENT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-float-reent
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_INT_LONG_REENT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+INT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LONG
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+REENT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+when 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-int-long-reent
+\emph default
+ is used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes on supported Processors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+MCS51 variants
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:MCS51-variants"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51 variants
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+MCS51 processors are available from many vendors and come in many different
+ flavours.
+ While they might differ considerably in respect to Special Function Registers
+ the core MCS51 is usually not modified or is kept compatible.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+pdata access by SFR
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the upcome of devices with internal xdata and flash memory devices
+ using port P2
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P2 (mcs51 sfr)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ as dedicated I/O port is becoming more popular.
+ Switching the high byte for __pdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ access which was formerly done by port P2 is then achieved by a Special
+ Function Register
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sfr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In well-established MCS51 tradition the address of this 
+\emph on
+sfr
+\emph default
+ is where the chip designers decided to put it.
+ Needless to say that they didn't agree on a common name either.
+ So that the startup code can correctly initialize xdata variables, you
+ should define an sfr with the name _XPAGE
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+XPAGE (mcs51)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ at the appropriate location if the default, port P2, is not used for this.
+ Some examples are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0x85) _XPAGE; /* Ramtron VRS51 family a.k.a.
+ MPAGE */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0x92) _XPAGE; /* Cypress EZ-USB family, Texas Instruments (Chipcon)
+ a.k.a.
+ MPAGE */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0x91) _XPAGE; /* Infineon (Siemens) C500 family a.k.a.
+ XPAGE */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0xaf) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips a.k.a.
+ EMI0CN */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+__sfr __at (0xaa) _XPAGE; /* some Silicon Labs (Cygnal) chips a.k.a.
+ EMI0CN */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also devices without anything resembling _XPAGE, but luckily they
+ usually have dual data-pointers.
+ For these devices a different method can be used to correctly initialize
+ xdata variables.
+ A default implementation is already in crtxinit.asm but it needs to be assembled
+ manually with DUAL_DPTR set to 1.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For more exotic implementations further customizations may be needed.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-Startup-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for other possibilities.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other Features available by SFR
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some MCS51 variants offer features like Dual DPTR
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DPTR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, multiple DPTR, decrementing DPTR, 16x16 Multiply.
+ These are currently not used for the MCS51 port.
+ If you absolutely need them you can fall back to inline assembly or submit
+ a patch to SDCC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bankswitching
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Bankswitching"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bankswitching
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bankswitching
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (a.k.a.
+ code banking
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code banking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) is a technique to increase the code space above the 64k limit of the 8051.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Hardware
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8000-FFFF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bank1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bank2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bank3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0000-7FFF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+common
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SiLabs C8051F120 example
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Usually the hardware uses some sfr (an output port or an internal sfr) to
+ select a bank and put it in the banked area of the memory map.
+ The selected bank usually becomes active immediately upon assignment to
+ this sfr and when running inside a bank it will switch out this code it
+ is currently running.
+ Therefor you cannot jump or call directly from one bank to another and
+ need to use a so-called trampoline in the common area.
+ For SDCC an example trampoline is in crtbank.asm and you may need to change
+ it to your 8051 derivative or schematic.
+ The presented code is written for the C8051F120.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+When calling a banked function SDCC will put the LSB of the functions address
+ in register R0, the MSB in R1 and the bank in R2 and then call this trampoline
+ 
+\emph on
+__sdcc_banked_call
+\emph default
+.
+ The current selected bank is saved on the stack, the new bank is selected
+ and an indirect jump is made.
+ When the banked function returns it jumps to 
+\emph on
+__sdcc_banked_ret
+\emph default
+ which restores the previous bank and returns to the caller.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Software
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When writing banked software using SDCC you need to use some special keywords
+ and options.
+ You also need to take over a bit of work from the linker.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To create a function that can be called from another bank it requires the
+ keyword 
+\emph on
+__banked
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+banked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The caller must see this in the prototype of the callee and the callee
+ needs it for a proper return.
+ Called functions within the same bank as the caller do not need the 
+\emph on
+__banked
+\emph default
+ keyword nor do functions in the common area.
+ Beware: SDCC does not know or check if functions are in the same bank.
+ This is your responsibility!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Normally all functions you write end up in the segment CSEG.
+ If you want a function explicitly to reside in the common area put it in
+ segment HOME.
+ This applies for instance to interrupt service routines as they should
+ not be banked.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Functions that need to be in a switched bank must be put in a named segment.
+ The name can be mostly anything up to eight characters (e.g.
+ BANK1).
+ To do this you either use -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-codeseg BANK1 (See 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:-codeseg"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) on the command line when compiling or #pragma codeseg BANK1 (See 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) at the top of the C source file.
+ The segment name always applies to the whole source file and generated
+ object so functions for different banks need to be defined in different
+ source files.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+When linking your objects you need to tell the linker where to put your
+ segments.
+ To do this you use the following command line option to SDCC: -Wl-b BANK1=0x180
+00 (See 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:-Wl option"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This sets the virtual start address of this segment.
+ It sets the banknumber to 0x01 and maps the bank to 0x8000 and up.
+ The linker will not check for overflows, again this is your responsibility.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+MCS51/DS390 Startup Code
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:MCS51-Startup-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler triggers the linker to link certain initialization modules
+ from the runtime library
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Runtime library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ called crt<something>.
+ Only the necessary ones are linked, for instance crtxstack.asm (GSINIT1,
+ GSINIT5) is not linked unless the -
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+-xstack option is used.
+ These modules are highly entangled by the use of special segments/areas,
+ but a common layout is shown below:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(main.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area HOME (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__interrupt_vect:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ljmp __sdcc_gsinit_startup
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtstart.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT0 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sdcc_gsinit_startup::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov sp,#__start__stack - 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxstack.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT1 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sdcc_init_xstack::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; Need to initialize in GSINIT1 in case the user's __sdcc_external_startup
+ uses the xstack.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov __XPAGE,#(__start__xstack >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov _spx,#__start__xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtstart.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT2 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lcall __sdcc_external_startup
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz __sdcc_init_data
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ljmp __sdcc_program_startup
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sdcc_init_data:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxinit.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT3 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__mcs51_genXINIT::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r1,#l_XINIT
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+orl a,#(l_XINIT >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz 00003$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r2,#((l_XINIT+255) >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dptr,#s_XINIT
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#s_XISEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov __XPAGE,#(s_XISEG >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00001$:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movc a,@a+dptr
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @r0,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc dptr
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+cjne r0,#0,00002$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc __XPAGE
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00002$:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r1,00001$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r2,00001$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov __XPAGE,#0xFF
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00003$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtclear.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT4 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__mcs51_genRAMCLEAR::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#(l_IRAM-1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00004$:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov @r0,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r0,00004$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; _mcs51_genRAMCLEAR() end
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxclear.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT4 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__mcs51_genXRAMCLEAR::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#l_PSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+orl a,#(l_PSEG >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz 00006$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r1,#s_PSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov __XPAGE,#(s_PSEG >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00005$:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @r1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r0,00005$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00006$:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#l_XSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+orl a,#(l_XSEG >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz 00008$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r1,#((l_XSEG + 255) >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dptr,#s_XSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00007$:
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx @dptr,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc dptr
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r0,00007$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+djnz r1,00007$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+00008$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(crtxstack.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT5 (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; Need to initialize in GSINIT5 because __mcs51_genXINIT modifies __XPAGE
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; and __mcs51_genRAMCLEAR modifies _spx.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov __XPAGE,#(__start__xstack >> 8)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov _spx,#__start__xstack
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(application modules)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSINIT (CODE)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+(main.asm)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area GSFINAL (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ljmp __sdcc_program_startup
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;--------------------------------------------------------
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; Home
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;--------------------------------------------------------
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area HOME (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area CSEG (CODE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+__sdcc_program_startup:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lcall _main
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; return from main will lock up
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sjmp .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of these modules (crtstart.asm) contains a call to the C routine 
+\emph on
+_sdcc_external_startup()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+external
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+startup()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ at the start of the CODE area.
+ This routine is also in the runtime library
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Runtime library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and returns 0 by default.
+ If this routine returns a non-zero value, the static & global variable
+ initialization will be skipped and the function main will be invoked.
+ Otherwise static & global variables will be initialized before the function
+ main is invoked.
+ You could add an 
+\emph on
+_sdcc_external_startup()
+\emph default
+ routine to your program to override the default if you need to setup hardware
+ or perform some other critical operation prior to static & global variable
+ initialization
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Variable initialization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ On some mcs51 variants __xdata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+xdata (mcs51, ds390 named address space
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ memory has to be explicitly enabled before it can be accessed or if the
+ watchdog
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+watchdog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ needs to be disabled, this is the place to do it.
+ The startup code clears all internal data memory, 256 bytes by default,
+ but from 0 to n-1 if 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-iram-size <Value>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+n
+\emph default
+ is used.
+ (recommended for Chipcon CC1010).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the compiler option 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-xinit
+\emph default
+-
+\emph on
+opt
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-xinit-opt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:MCS51-variants"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ about MCS51-variants.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+While these initialization modules are meant as generic startup code there
+ might be the need for customization.
+ Let's assume the return value of 
+\emph on
+_sdcc_external_startup()
+\emph default
+ in 
+\emph on
+crtstart.asm
+\emph default
+ should not be checked (or 
+\emph on
+_sdcc_external_startup()
+\emph default
+ should not be called at all).
+ The recommended way would be to copy 
+\emph on
+crtstart.asm
+\emph default
+ (f.e.
+ from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://svn.code.sf.net/p/sdcc/code/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/crtstart.asm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) into the source directory, adapt it there, then assemble it with 
+\emph on
+sdas8051 -plosgff
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+-plosgff
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ are the assembler options used in 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/sdcc/trunk/sdcc/device/lib/mcs51/Makefile.in?
+view=markup 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ crtstart.asm
+\emph default
+ and when linking your project explicitly specify 
+\emph on
+crtstart.rel
+\emph default
+.
+ As a bonus a listing of the relocated object file 
+\emph on
+crtstart.rst
+\emph default
+ is generated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Interfacing with Assembler Code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Global Registers used for Parameter Passing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Parameter passing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler always uses the global registers 
+\emph on
+DPL, DPH
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DPTR, DPH, DPL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DPTR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, B
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B (mcs51, ds390 register)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+ACC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ACC (mcs51, ds390 register)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ to pass the first (non-bit) parameter to a function, and also to pass the
+ return value 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+return value
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+of function; according to the following scheme: one byte return value in
+ 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+, two byte value in 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+ (LSB) and 
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+ (MSB).
+ three byte values (generic pointers) in 
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+, and four byte values in 
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+.
+ Generic pointers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+generic pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ contain type of accessed memory in 
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+: 
+\series bold
+0x00
+\series default
+ – xdata/far, 
+\series bold
+0x40
+\series default
+ – idata/near – , 
+\series bold
+0x60
+\series default
+ – pdata, 
+\series bold
+0x80
+\series default
+ – code
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This might not be the case of certain memory models (medium???)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The second parameter onwards is either allocated on the stack (for reentrant
+ routines or if -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-auto is used) or in data/xdata memory (depending on the memory model).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bit parameters are passed in a virtual register called 'bits' in bit-addressable
+ space for reentrant functions or allocated directly in bit memory otherwise.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Functions (with two or more parameters or bit parameters) that are called
+ through function pointers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function pointers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ must therefor be reentrant so the compiler knows how to pass the parameters.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Register usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unless the called function is declared as 
+\family typewriter
+_naked
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+naked
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+/-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves command line option or the corresponding callee_saves
+ pragma are used, the caller will save the registers (
+\emph on
+R0-R7
+\emph default
+) around the call, so the called function can destroy they content freely.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the called function is not declared as 
+\family typewriter
+_naked
+\family default
+, the caller will swap register banks around the call, if caller and callee
+ use different register banks (having them defined by the 
+\family typewriter
+__using
+\family default
+ modifier).
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The called function can also use 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+ observing that they are used for parameter/return value passing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Assembler Routine (non-reentrant)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the following example
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines (non-reentrant)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the function c_func calls an assembler routine asm_func, which takes two
+ parameters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function parameter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+extern int asm_func(unsigned char, unsigned char);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int c_func (unsigned char i, unsigned char j)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return asm_func(i,j);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int main()
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return c_func(10,9);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The corresponding assembler function is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.globl _asm_func_PARM_2
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.globl _asm_func
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area OSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+_asm_func_PARM_2:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.ds    1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.area CSEG
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+_asm_func:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_asm_func_PARM_2
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dpl,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dph
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DPTR, DPH, DPL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,#0x00
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ret
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The parameter naming convention is _<function_name>_PARM_<n>, where n is
+ the parameter number starting from 1, and counting from the left.
+ The first parameter is passed in 
+\emph on
+DPH
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+DPL
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+B
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+ACC
+\emph default
+ according to the description above.
+ The variable name for the second parameter will be _<function_name>_PARM_2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Assemble the assembler routine with the following command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdas8051 -losg asmfunc.asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+Then compile and link the assembler routine to the C source file with the
+ following command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc cfunc.c asmfunc.rel
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Assembler Routine (reentrant)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this case
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reentrant
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines (reentrant)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the second parameter
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+function parameter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ onwards will be passed on the stack, the parameters are pushed from right
+ to left i.e.
+ before the call the second leftmost parameter will be on the top of the
+ stack (the leftmost parameter is passed in registers).
+ Here is an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+extern int asm_func(unsigned char, unsigned char, unsigned char) reentrant;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int c_func (unsigned char i, unsigned char j, unsigned char k) reentrant
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return asm_func(i,j,k);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+int main()
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return c_func(10,9,8);
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The corresponding (unoptimized) assembler routine is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+.globl _asm_func
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+_asm_func:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_bp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_bp,sp
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;stack contains: _bp, return address, second parameter, third parameter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r2,dpl
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_bp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,#0xfd
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;calculate pointer to the second parameter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r0,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_bp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,#0xfc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;calculate pointer to the rightmost parameter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,@r0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,@r1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,r2
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;calculate the result (= sum of all three parameters)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dpl,a
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+;return value goes into dptr (cast into int)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dph,#0x00
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sp,_bp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_bp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ret
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiling and linking procedure remains the same, however note the extra
+ entry & exit linkage required for the assembler code, _bp is the stack
+ frame pointer and is used to compute the offset into the stack for parameters
+ and local variables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+DS400 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The DS80C400
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS80C400
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS400
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ microcontroller has a rich set of peripherals.
+ In its built-in ROM library it includes functions to access some of the
+ features, among them is a TCP stack with IP4 and IP6 support.
+ Library headers (currently in beta status) and other files are provided
+ at 
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://ftp.dalsemi.com/pub/tini/ds80c400/c_libraries/sdcc/index.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Z80, Z180, Rabbit 2000/3000, Rabbit 3000A, GBZ80, eZ80 and TLCS-90 ports
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC can target the Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, Z180, Rabbit 2000/3000, Rabbit 3000A and LR35902, the Nintendo GameBoy's
+ Z80-like gbz80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gbz80 (GameBoy Z80)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When a frame pointer is used, it resides in IX.
+ Register A, B, C, D, E, H, L and IY are used as a temporary registers for
+ holding variables.
+ Return values
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80!return value
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for the Z80 port are stored in L (one byte), HL (two bytes), or DEHL (four
+ bytes).
+ The gbz80 port use the same set of registers for the return values, but
+ in a different order of significance: E (one byte), DE (two bytes), or
+ HLDE (four bytes).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When enabling optimizations using 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--opt-code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ size and a sufficiently high value for 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--max-allocs-per-node
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ sdcc typically generates much better code for these architectures than
+ many other compilers.
+ A comparison of compilers for these architecture can be found at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Z80_code_size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Startup Code
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+On the Z80
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Z80
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the startup code is inserted by linking with crt0.rel which is generated
+ from sdcc/device/lib/z80/crt0.s.
+ If you need a different startup code you can use the compiler option 
+\emph on
+-
+\series bold
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+\emph on
+-no-std-crt0
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-std-crt0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and provide your own crt0.rel.
+ When using a custom crt0.rel it needs to be listed first when linking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Complex instructions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Z80 and some derivatives support complex instructions, such as ldir,
+ cpir, ...
+ .
+ SDCC only emits these instructions for functions in the standard library.
+ Thus, e.g.
+ copying one array into another is more efficient when using memcpy() than
+ by using a a user-written loop.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Depending on the target, code generation options and the parameters to the
+ call, SDCC emits ldir for memcpy(), ldir or lsidr for memset(), ldi for
+ strcpy(), ldi for strncpy().
+ Other library functions use the complex instructions as well, but for those,
+ function calls are generated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Calling conventions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, all parameters are passed on the stack, right-to-left.
+ 8-bit return values are passed in l, 16-bit values in hl, 32-bit values
+ in dehl.
+ Except for the GBZ80, where 8-bit values are passed in e, 16-bit values
+ in de, 32-bit values in hlde.
+ Larger return values are passed in memory in a location specified by the
+ caller through a hidden pointer argument.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are three other calling conventions supported, which can be specified
+ using the keywords __smallc, __z88dk_fastcall (not on GBZ80) and __z88dk_callee.
+ They are primarily intended for compability with libraries written for
+ other compilers.
+ For __z88dk_fastcall, there may be only one parameter of at most 32 bits,
+ which is passed the same way as the return value.
+ For __z88dk_callee, parameters are passed on the stack, but the stack is
+ not adjusted for the parameters after the call (thus the callee has to
+ do this instead).
+ __z88dk_callee is currently supported on the caller side only.
+ __z88dk_callee can be combined with __smallc.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Small-C calling convention
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Functions declared as __smallc are called using the Small-C calling convention
+ (passing arguments on-stack left-to-right, 1 byte arguments are passed
+ as 2 bytes, with the value in the lower byte).
+ This way assembler routines originally written for Small-C or code generated
+ by Small-C can be called from SDCC.
+ Currently variable arguments are not yet supported (neither on the caller
+ nor on the callee side).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Unsafe reads
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Usually, Z80-based systems (except for the Gameboy) have separate I/O and
+ memory spaces, and any memory location can be read without side-effects.
+ For such systems, the option –allow-unsafe-reads can be used to enable
+ some extra optimizations.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The HC08 and S08 ports
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The port to the Freescale/Motorola HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and S08 does not yet generate code as compact as that generated by some
+ non-free compilers.
+ A comparison of compilers for these architecture can be found at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Hc08_code_size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Startup Code
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The HC08
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HC08
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ startup code follows the same scheme as the MCS51 startup code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The STM8 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Calling convention
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Arguments are passed on the stack right-to-left.
+ Return values are in a (8 bit), x (16 bit), xyl (24 bit), xy (32 bit) or
+ use a hidden extra pointer parameter pointing to the location (anything
+ wider than 32 bit).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The PIC14
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC14 port adds support for Microchip
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Microchip
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{TM}}$
+\end_inset
+
+ PIC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{TM}}$
+\end_inset
+
+ MCUs with 14 bit wide instructions.
+ This port is not yet mature and still lacks many features.
+ However, it can work for simple code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Currently supported devices include:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+10F320, 10F322, 10LF320, 10LF322
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+12F609, 12F615, 12F617, 12F629, 12F635, 12F675, 12F683
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+12F752
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+12HV752
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C62, 16C63A, 16C65B
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C71, 16C72, 16C73B, 16C74B
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C432, 16C433
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C554, 16C557, 16C558
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C620, 16C620A, 16C621, 16C621A, 16C622, 16C622A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C710, 16C711, 16C715, 16C717, 16C745, 16C765, 16C770, 16C771, 16C773,
+ 16C774, 16C781, 16C782
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16C925, 16C926 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16CR73, 16CR74, 16CR76, 16CR77
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16CR620A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F72 ,16F73, 16F74, 16F76, 16F77
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F84, 16F84A, 16F87, 16F88
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F610, 16F616, 16F627, 16F627A, 16F628, 16F628A, 16F630, 16F631, 16F636,
+ 16F639, 16F648A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F676, 16F677, 16F684, 16F685, 16F687, 16F688, 16F689, 16F690
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F707, 16F716, 16F720, 16F721, 16F722, 16F722A, 16F723, 16F723A, 16F724,
+ 16F726, 16F727
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F737, 16F747, 16F753, 16F767, 16F777, 16F785
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F818, 16F819, 16F870, 16F871, 16F872, 16F873, 16F873A, 16F874, 16F874A,
+ 16F876, 16F876A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F877, 16F877A, 16F882, 16F883, 16F884, 16F886, 16F887
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F913, 16F914, 16F916, 16F917, 16F946
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF74, 16LF76, 16LF77
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF84, 16LF84A, 16LF87, 16LF88
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF627, 16LF627A, 16LF628, 16LF628A, 16LF648A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF707, 16LF720, 16LF721, 16LF722, 16LF722A, 16LF723, 16LF723A, 16LF724,
+ 16LF726, 16LF727 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF747, 16LF767, 16LF777
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF818, 16LF819, 16LF870, 16LF871, 16LF872, 16LF873, 16LF873A, 16LF874,
+ 16LF874A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF876, 16LF876A, 16LF877, 16LF877A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16HV610, 16HV616, 16HV753, 16HV785
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align left
+Supported devices with enhanced cores:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+12F1501, 12F1571, 12F1572, 12F1612, 12F1822, 12F1840
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+12LF1501, 12LF1552, 12LF1571, 12LF1572, 12LF1612, 12LF1822, 12LF1840, 12LF1840T3
+9A, 12LF1840T48A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1454, 16F1455, 16F1458, 16F1459
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1503, 16F1507, 16F1508, 16F1509, 16F1512, 16F1513, 16F1516, 16F1517,
+ 16F1518, 16F1519
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1526, 16F1527, 16F1574, 16F1575, 16F1578, 16F1579
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1613, 16F1614, 16F1615, 16F1618, 16F1619
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1703, 16F1704, 16F1705, 16F1707, 16F1708, 16F1709, 16F1713, 16F1716,
+ 16F1717, 16F1718, 16F1719
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1764, 16F1765, 16F1768, 16F1769, 16F1773, 16F1776, 16F1777, 16F1778,
+ 16F1779
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1782, 16F1783, 16F1784, 16F1786, 16F1787, 16F1788, 16F1789
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1823, 16F1824, 16F1825, 16F1826, 16F1827, 16F1828, 16F1829, 16F1829LIN,
+ 16F1847
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F1933, 16F1934, 16F1936, 16F1937, 16F1938, 16F1939, 16F1946, 16F1947
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F18313, 16F18323, 16F18324, 16F18325, 16F18344, 16F18345,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16F18855, 16F18875
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1454, 16LF1455, 16LF1458, 16LF1459
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1503, 16LF1507, 16LF1508, 16LF1509, 16LF1512, 16LF1513, 16LF1516, 16LF1517,
+ 16LF1518, 16LF1519,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1526, 16LF1527 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1554, 16LF1559, 16LF1566, 16LF1567, 16LF1574, 16LF1575, 16LF1578, 16LF1579
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1613, 16LF1614, 16LF1615, 16LF1618, 16LF1619
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1703, 16LF1704, 16LF1705, 16LF1707, 16LF1708, 16LF1709, 16LF1713, 16LF1716,
+ 16LF1717, 16LF1718, 16LF1719 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1764, 16LF1765, 16LF1768, 16LF1769, 16LF1773, 16LF1776, 16LF1777, 16LF1778,
+ 16LF1779
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1782, 16LF1783, 16LF1784, 16LF1786, 16LF1787, 16LF1788, 16LF1789,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1823, 16LF1824, 16LF1824T39A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1825, 16LF1826, 16LF1827, 16LF1828, 16LF1829, 16LF1847
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1902, 16LF1903, 16LF1904, 16LF1906, 16LF1907
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF1933, 16LF1934, 16LF1936, 16LF1937, 16LF1938, 16LF1939, 16LF1946, 16LF1947
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF18313, 16LF18323, 16LF18324, 16LF18325, 16LF18344, 16LF18345
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+16LF18855, 16LF18875
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+An up-to-date list of currently supported devices can be obtained via 
+\family typewriter
+sdcc -mpic14 -phelp foo.c
+\family default
+ (foo.c must exist...).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+PIC Code Pages
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code page (pic14)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and Memory Banks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory bank (pic14)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The linker organizes allocation for the code page and RAM banks.
+ It does not have intimate knowledge of the code flow.
+ It will put all the code section of a single .asm file into a single code
+ page.
+ In order to make use of multiple code pages, separate asm files must be
+ used.
+ The compiler assigns all 
+\emph on
+static
+\emph default
+ functions of a single .c file into the same code page.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To get the best results, follow these guidelines:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Make local functions static, as non static functions require code page selection
+ overhead.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Due to the way sdcc handles functions, place called functions prior to calling
+ functions in the file wherever possible: Otherwise sdcc will insert unnecessary
+ pagesel directives around the call, believing that the called function
+ is externally defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+For devices that have multiple code pages it is more efficient to use the
+ same number of files as pages: Use up to 4 separate .c files for the 16F877,
+ but only 2 files for the 16F874.
+ This way the linker can put the code for each file into different code
+ pages and there will be less page selection overhead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+And as for any 8 bit micro (especially for PIC14 as they have a very simple
+ instruction set), use `unsigned char' wherever possible instead of `int'.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Adding New Devices to the Port 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Adding support for a new 14
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit PIC MCU requires the following steps:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Create a new device description.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Each device is described in two files: pic16f*.h and pic16f*.c.
+ These files primarily define SFRs, structs to access their bits, and symbolic
+ configuration options.
+ Both files can be generated from gputils' .inc files using the perl script
+ 
+\family typewriter
+support/scripts/inc2h.pl
+\family default
+.
+ This file also contains further instructions on how to proceed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Copy the .h file into SDCC's include path and either add the .c file to your
+ project or copy it to 
+\family typewriter
+device/lib/pic/libdev
+\family default
+.
+ Afterwards, rebuild and install the libraries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Edit pic14devices.txt in SDCC's include path (
+\family typewriter
+device/include/pic/
+\family default
+ in the source tree or 
+\family typewriter
+/usr/local/share/sdcc/include/pic
+\family default
+ after installation).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You need to add a device specification here to make the memory layout (code
+ banks, RAM, aliased memory regions, ...) known to the compiler.
+ Probably you can copy and modify an existing entry.
+ The file format is documented at the top of the file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Interrupt Code
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the interrupt function, use the keyword 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with level number of 0 (PIC14 only has 1 interrupt so this number is only
+ there to avoid a syntax error - it ought to be fixed).
+ E.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+void Intr(void) __interrupt 0
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+T0IF = 0; /* Clear timer interrupt */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Configuration Bits
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Configuration bits (also known as fuses) can be configured using `
+\family typewriter
+__code
+\family default
+' and `
+\family typewriter
+__at
+\family default
+' modifiers.
+ Possible options should be ANDed and can be found in your processor header
+ file.
+ Example for PIC16F88:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\family typewriter
+#include <pic16f88.h> //Contains config addresses and options
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#include <stdint.h> //Needed for uint16_t
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+static __code uint16_t __at (_CONFIG1) configword1 = _INTRC_IO &
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+  _CP_ALL & _WDT_OFF & [...];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+static __code uint16_t __at (_CONFIG2) configword2 = [...];
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although data type is ignored if the address (
+\family typewriter
+__at()
+\family default
+) refers to a config word location, using a type large enough for the configurat
+ion word (
+\family typewriter
+uint16_t
+\family default
+ in this case) is recommended to prevent changes in the compiler (implicit,
+ early range check and enforcement) from breaking the definition.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If your processor header file doesn't contain config addresses you can declare
+ it manually or use a literal address:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\family typewriter
+static __code uint16_t __at (0x2007) configword1 = _INTRC_IO &
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+  _CP_ALL & _WDT_OFF & [...];
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Linking and Assembling
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For assembling you can use either GPUTILS'
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gputils (pic tools)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ gpasm.exe or MPLAB's mpasmwin.exe.
+ GPUTILS are available from 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For linking you can use either GPUTILS' gplink or MPLAB's mplink.exe.
+ If you use MPLAB and an interrupt function then the linker script file
+ vectors section will need to be enlarged to link with mplink.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Pic device specific header and c source files are automatically generated
+ from MPLAB include files, which are published by Microchip with a special
+ requirement that they are only to be used with authentic Microchip devices.
+ This reqirement prevents to publish generated header and c source files
+ under the GPL compatible license, so they are located in non-free directory
+ (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ In order to include them in include and library search paths, the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option should be defined.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+NOTE: the compiled code, which use non-free pic device specific libraries,
+ is not GPL compatible!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Here is a 
+\family typewriter
+Makefile
+\family default
+ using GPUTILS:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+.c.o:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc -V --use-non-free -mpic14 -p16f877 -c $<
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+$(PRJ).hex: $(OBJS)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+gplink -m -s $(PRJ).lkr -o $(PRJ).hex $(OBJS) libsdcc.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a 
+\family typewriter
+Makefile
+\family default
+ using MPLAB:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+.c.o: 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc -S -V --use-non-free -mpic14 -p16f877 $<
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mpasmwin /q /o $*.asm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+$(PRJ).hex: $(OBJS)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mplink /v $(PRJ).lkr /m $(PRJ).map /o $(PRJ).hex $(OBJS) libsdcc.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note that indentations within a 
+\family typewriter
+Makefile
+\family default
+ have to be done with a tabulator character.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Command-Line Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides the switches common to all SDCC backends, the PIC14 port accepts
+ the following options (for an updated list see sdcc -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-help):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug-xtra
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug-extra
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ emit debug info in assembly output
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pcode-opt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-pcode-opt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ disable (slightly faulty) optimization on pCode
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-loc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ sets the lowest address of the argument passing stack (defaults to a suitably
+ large shared databank to reduce BANKSEL overhead)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-size
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-stack-size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ sets the size if the argument passing stack (default: 16, minimum: 4)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ make non-free device headers and libraries available in the compiler's
+ search paths (implicit -I and -L options)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-extended-instructions forbid use of the extended instruction set (e.g.,
+ ADDFSR)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Environment Variables
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC14 port recognizes the following environment variables:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+SDCC_PIC14_SPLIT_LOCALS
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+PIC14
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SPLIT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LOCALS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+PIC14
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SPLIT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+LOCALS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ If set and not empty, sdcc will allocate each temporary register (the ones
+ called r0xNNNN) in a section of its own.
+ By default (if this variable is unset), sdcc tries to cluster registers
+ in sections in order to reduce the BANKSEL overhead when accessing them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Library
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC14 library currently only contains support routines required by the
+ compiler to implement multiplication, division, and floating point support.
+ No libc-like replacement is available at the moment, though many of the
+ common sdcc library sources (in 
+\family typewriter
+device/lib
+\family default
+) should also compile with the PIC14 port.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Enhanced cores
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC/PIC14 has experimental support for devices with the enhanced 14-bit
+ cores (such as pic12f1822).
+ Due to differences in required code, the libraries provided with SDCC (
+\family typewriter
+libm.lib
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcc.lib
+\family default
+) are now provided in two variants: 
+\family typewriter
+libm.lib
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcc.lib
+\family default
+ are compiled for the regular, non-enhanced devices.
+ 
+\family typewriter
+libme.lib
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcce.lib
+\family default
+ (note the trailing '
+\family typewriter
+e
+\family default
+') are compiled for enhanced devices.
+ When linking manually, make sure to select the proper variant!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When SDCC is used to invoke the linker, SDCC will automatically select the
+ 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcc.lib
+\family default
+-variant suitable for the target device.
+ However, no such magic has been conjured up for 
+\family typewriter
+libm.lib
+\family default
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Accessing bits of special function registers
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Individual bits within SFRs can be accessed either using 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+ or using a shorthand 
+\family typewriter
+<bitname>
+\family default
+, which is defined in the respective device header for all 
+\family typewriter
+<bitname>
+\family default
+s.
+ In order to avoid polluting the global namespace with the names of all
+ the bits, you can 
+\family typewriter
+#define NO_BIT_DEFINES
+\family default
+ before inclusion of the device header file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Naming of special function registers
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Naming-of-special"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If 
+\family typewriter
+NO_BIT_DEFINES
+\family default
+ is used, individual bits of the SFRs can be accessed as 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+.
+ With the 3.1.0 release, the previously used 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>_bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+ (note the underscore) is deprecated.
+ This was done to align the naming conventions with the PIC16 port and competing
+ compiler vendors.
+ To avoid polluting the global namespace with the legacy names, you can
+ prevent their definition using 
+\family typewriter
+#define NO_LEGACY_NAMES
+\family default
+ prior to the inclusion of the device header.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You 
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+must
+\family default
+\series default
+ also 
+\family typewriter
+#define NO_BIT_DEFINES
+\family default
+ in order to access SFRs as 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+, otherwise 
+\family typewriter
+<bitname>
+\family default
+ will expand to 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+, yielding the undefined expression 
+\family typewriter
+<sfrname>bits.<sfrname>bits.<bitname>
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+error: missing definition for symbol ``__gptrget1''
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC14 port uses library routines to provide more complex operations
+ like multiplication, division/modulus and (generic) pointer dereferencing.
+ In order to add these routines to your project, you must link with PIC14's
+ 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcc.lib
+\family default
+.
+ For single source file projects this is done automatically, more complex
+ projects must add 
+\family typewriter
+libsdcc.lib
+\family default
+ to the linker's arguments.
+ Make sure you also add an include path for the library (using the -I switch
+ to the linker)!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Processor mismatch in file ``XXX''.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This warning can usually be ignored due to the very good compatibility amongst
+ 14
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit PIC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC14
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ devices.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might also consider recompiling the library for your specific device
+ by changing the ARCH=p16f877 (default target) entry in 
+\family typewriter
+device/lib/pic/Makefile.in
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+device/lib/pic/Makefile
+\family default
+ to reflect your device.
+ This might even improve performance for smaller devices as unnecessary
+ BANKSELs might be removed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Known Bugs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Function arguments
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Functions with variable argument lists (like printf) are not yet supported.
+ Similarly, taking the address of the first argument passed into a function
+ does not work: It is currently passed in WREG and has no address...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Regression tests fail
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Though the small subset of regression tests in src/regression passes, SDCC
+ regression test suite does not, indicating that there are still major bugs
+ in the port.
+ However, many smaller projects have successfully used SDCC in the past...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16 port adds support for Microchip
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Microchip
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{TM}}$
+\end_inset
+
+ PIC
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{TM}}$
+\end_inset
+
+ MCUs with 16 bit wide instructions.
+ This port is not yet mature and still lacks many features.
+ However, it can work for simple code.
+ Currently this family of microcontrollers contains the PIC18Fxxx and PIC18Fxxxx
+; devices supported by the port include:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F13K22 18F13K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F14K22 18F14K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F23K20 18F23K22
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F24J10 18F24J11 18F24J50 18F24K20 18F24K22 18F24K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F25J10 18F25J11 18F25J50 18F25K20 18F25K22 18F25K50 18F25K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F26J11 18F26J13 18F26J50 18F26J53 18F26K20 18F26K22 18F26K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F27J13 18F27J53
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F43K20 18F43K22
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F44J10 18F44J11 18F44J50 18F44K20 18F44K22
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F45J10 18F45J11 18F45J50 18F45K20 18F45K22 18F45K50 18F45K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F46J11 18F46J13 18F46J50 18F46J53 18F46K20 18F46K22 18F46K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F47J13 18F47J53
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F63J11 18F63J90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F64J11 18F64J90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F65J10 18F65J11 18F65J15 18F65J50 18F65J90 18F65J94 18F65K22 18F65K80
+ 18F65K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F66J10 18F66J11 18F66J15 18F66J16 18F66J50 18F66J55 18F66J60 18F66J65
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F66J90 18F66J93 18F66J94 18F66J99 18F66K22 18F66K80 18F66K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F67J10 18F67J11 18F67J50 18F67J60 18F67J90 18F67J93 18F67J94 18F67K22
+ 18F67K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F83J11 18F83J90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F84J11 18F84J90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F85J10 18F85J11 18F85J15 18F85J50 18F85J90 18F85J94 18F85K22 18F85K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F86J10 18F86J11 18F86J15 18F86J16 18F86J50 18F86J55 18F86J60 18F86J65
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F86J72 18F86J90 18F86J93 18F86J94 18F86J99 18F86K22 18F86K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F87J10 18F87J11 18F87J50 18F87J60 18F87J72 18F87J90 18F87J93 18F87J94
+ 18F87K22 18F87K90
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F95J94 18F96J60 18F96J65 18F96J94 18F96J99
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F97J60 18F97J94
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F242 18F248 18F252 18F258
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F442 18F448 18F452 18F458
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F1220 18F1230
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F1320 18F1330
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F2220 18F2221
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F2320 18F2321 18F2331
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F2410 18F2420 18F2423 18F2431 18F2439 18F2450 18F2455 18F2458 18F2480
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F2510 18F2515 18F2520 18F2523 18F2525 18F2539 18F2550 18F2553 18F2580
+ 18F2585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F2610 18F2620 18F2680 18F2682 18F2685
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F4220 18F4221
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F4320 18F4321 18F4331
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F4410 18F4420 18F4423 18F4431 18F4439 18F4450 18F4455 18F4458 18F4480
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F4510 18F4515 18F4520 18F4523 18F4525 18F4539 18F4550 18F4553 18F4580
+ 18F4585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F4610 18F4620 18F4680 18F4682 18F4685
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F6310 18F6390 18F6393
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F6410 18F6490 18F6493
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F6520 18F6525 18F6527 18F6585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F6620 18F6621 18F6622 18F6627 18F6628 18F6680
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F6720 18F6722 18F6723
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F8310 18F8390 18F8393
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F8410 18F8490 18F8493
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F8520 18F8525 18F8527 18F8585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F8620 18F8621 18F8622 18F8627 18F8628 18F8680
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18F8720 18F8722 18F8723
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF13K22 18LF13K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF14K22 18LF14K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF23K22 18LF24J10 18LF24J11 18LF24J50 18LF24K22 18LF24K50
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF25J10 18LF25J11 18LF25J50 18LF25K22 18LF25K50 18LF25K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF26J11 18LF26J13 18LF26J50 18LF26J53 18LF26K22 18LF26K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF27J13 18LF27J53
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF43K22
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF44J10 18LF44J11 18LF44J50 18LF44K22
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF45J10 18LF45J11 18LF45J50 18LF45K22 18LF45K50 18LF45K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF46J11 18LF46J13 18LF46J50 18LF46J53 18LF46K22 18LF46K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF47J13 18LF47J53
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF65K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF66K80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF242 18LF248 18LF252 18LF258
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF442 18LF448 18LF452 18LF458
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF1220 18LF1230
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF1320 18LF1330
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF2220 18LF2221
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF2320 18LF2321 18LF2331
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF2410 18LF2420 18LF2423 18LF2431 18LF2439 18LF2450 18LF2455 18LF2458
+ 18LF2480
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF2510 18LF2515 18LF2520 18LF2523 18LF2525 18LF2539 18LF2550 18LF2553
+ 18LF2580 18LF2585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF2610 18LF2620 18LF2680 18LF2682 18LF2685
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF4220 18LF4221
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF4320 18LF4321 18LF4331
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF4410 18LF4420 18LF4423 18LF4431 18LF4439 18LF4450 18LF4455 18LF4458
+ 18LF4480
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF4510 18LF4515 18LF4520 18LF4523 18LF4525 18LF4539 18LF4550 18LF4553
+ 18LF4580 18LF4585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF4610 18LF4620 18LF4680 18LF4682 18LF4685
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF6310 18LF6390 18LF6393
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF6410 18LF6490 18LF6493
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF6520 18LF6525 18LF6527 18LF6585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF6620 18LF6621 18LF6622 18LF6627 18LF6628 18LF6680
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF6720 18LF6722 18LF6723
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF8310 18LF8390 18LF8393
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF8410 18LF8490 18LF8493
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF8520 18LF8525 18LF8527 18LF8585
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF8620 18LF8621 18LF8622 18LF8627 18LF8628 18LF8680
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+18LF8720 18LF8722 18LF8723 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+An up-to-date list of supported devices is also available via '
+\family typewriter
+sdcc -mpic16 -plist
+\family default
+'.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Global Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PIC16 port supports the standard command line arguments as supposed, with
+ the exception of certain cases that will be mentioned in the following
+ list:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-callee-saves
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ See -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-all-callee-saves
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Options!-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Make non-free device headers and libraries available in the compiler's
+ search paths (implicit -I and -L options).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Port Specific Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The port specific options appear after the global options in the sdcc -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-help output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Code Generation Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These options influence the generated assembler code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pstack-model=[model] Used in conjunction with the command above.
+ Defines the stack model to be used, valid stack models are:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\emph on
+small
+\emph default
+ Selects small stack model.
+ 8 bit stack and frame pointers.
+ Supports 256 bytes stack size.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\emph on
+large
+\emph default
+ Selects large stack model.
+ 16 bit stack and frame pointers.
+ Supports 65536 bytes stack size.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pno-banksel Do not generate BANKSEL assembler directives.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-extended Enable extended instruction set/literal offset addressing mode.
+ Use with care!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Optimization Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-obanksel=n Set optimization level for inserting BANKSELs.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+0 no optimization
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+1 checks previous used register and if it is the same then does not emit
+ BANKSEL, accounts only for labels.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+2 tries to check the location of (even different) symbols and removes BANKSELs
+ if they are in the same bank.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Important: There might be problems if the linker script has data sections
+ across bank borders!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-denable-peeps Force the usage of peepholes.
+ Use with care.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-optimize-goto Do not use (conditional) BRA instead of GOTO.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-optimize-cmp Try to optimize some compares.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-optimize-df Analyze the dataflow of the generated code and improve it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Assembling Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-asm= Sets the full path and name of an external assembler to call.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-mplab-comp MPLAB
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!MPLAB
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ compatibility option.
+ Currently only suppresses special gpasm directives.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Linking Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-link= Sets the full path and name of an external linker to call.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-preplace-udata-with=[kword] Replaces the default udata keyword for allocating
+ unitialized data variables with [kword].
+ Valid keywords are: "udata_acs", "udata_shr", "udata_ovr".
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-ivt-loc=n Place the interrupt vector table at address 
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+.
+ Useful for bootloaders.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-nodefaultlibs Do not link default libraries when linking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-crt= Use a custom run-time module instead of the default (crt0i).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-no-crt Don't link the default run-time modules
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Debugging Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Debugging options enable extra debugging information in the output files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug-xtra Similar to -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, but dumps more information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug-ralloc Force register allocator to dump <source>.d file with debugging
+ information.
+ <source> is the name of the file being compiled.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-pcode-verbose Enable pcode debugging information in translation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-calltree Dump call tree in .calltree file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-gstack Trace push/pops for stack pointer overflow.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Environment Variables
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is a number of environmental variables that can be used when running
+ SDCC to enable certain optimizations or force a specific program behaviour.
+ these variables are primarily for debugging purposes so they can be enabled/dis
+abled at will.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently there is only two such variables available:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+OPTIMIZE_BITFIELD_POINTER_GET
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Environment variables!OPTIMIZE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+BITFIELD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+POINTER
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+GET
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!OPTIMIZE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+BITFIELD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+POINTER
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+GET (PIC16)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ When this variable exists, reading of structure bit-fields is optimized
+ by directly loading FSR0 with the address of the bit-field structure.
+ Normally SDCC will cast the bit-field structure to a bit-field pointer
+ and then load FSR0.
+ This step saves data ram and code space for functions that make heavy use
+ of bit-fields.
+ (i.e., 80 bytes of code space are saved when compiling malloc.c with this
+ option).
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+NO_REG_OPT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Environment variables!NO
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+REG
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+OPT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Environment variables!NO
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+REG
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+OPT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Do not perform pCode registers optimization.
+ This should be used for debugging purposes.
+ If bugs in the pcode optimizer are found, users can benefit from temporarily
+ disabling the optimizer until the bug is fixed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preprocessor Macros
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preprocessor!PIC16 Macros
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port defines the following preprocessor macros while translating a source.
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_pic16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC!Defines!__SDCC
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Port identification
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pic18fxxxx
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Defines!pic18fxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCU Identification.
+ 
+\emph on
+xxxx
+\emph default
+ is the microcontrol identification number, i.e.
+ 452, 6620, etc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+_
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+_18Fxxxx
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Defines!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pic18fxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCU Identification (same as above)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STACK_MODEL_nnn
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Defines!STACK
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+MODEL
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+nnn
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+nnn = SMALL or LARGE respectively according to the stack model used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In addition the following macros are defined when calling assembler:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__18Fxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCU Identification.
+ 
+\emph on
+xxxx
+\emph default
+ is the microcontrol identification number, i.e.
+ 452, 6620, etc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+__SDCC_MODEL_nnn
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+nnn = SMALL or LARGE respectively according to the memory model used for
+ SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STACK_MODEL_nnn
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+nnn = SMALL or LARGE respectively according to the stack model used
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Directories
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port uses the following directories for searching header files and libraries.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Directory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Target
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command prefix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PREFIX/sdcc/include/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16 specific headers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-I
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PREFIX/sdcc/lib/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16 specific libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option is specified, non-free directories are searched:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Directory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Target
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command prefix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PREFIX/sdcc/non-free/include/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16 specific non-free headers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Compiler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-I
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PREFIX/sdcc/non-free/lib/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16 specific non-free libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Pragmas
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:PIC16_Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port currently supports the following pragmas:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ This forces the code generator to initialize the stack & frame pointers
+ at a specific address.
+ This is an ad hoc solution for cases where no STACK directive is available
+ in the linker script or gplink is not instructed to create a stack section.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The stack pragma should be used only once in a project.
+ Multiple pragmas may result in indeterminate behaviour of the program.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The old format (ie.
+ #pragma stack 0x5ff) is deprecated and will cause the stack pointer to
+ cross page boundaries (or even exceed the available data RAM) and crash
+ the program.
+ Make sure that stack does not cross page boundaries when using the SMALL
+ stack model.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The format is as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma stack bottom_address [stack_size]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+bottom_address
+\emph default
+ is the lower bound of the stack section.
+ The stack pointer initially will point at address (bottom_address+stack_size-1).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+/* initializes stack of 100 bytes at RAM address 0x200 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma stack 0x200 100
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the stack_size field is omitted then a stack is created with the default
+ size of 64.
+ This size might be enough for most programs, but its not enough for operations
+ with deep function nesting or excessive stack usage.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Force a function to a static FLASH address.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+/* place function test_func at 0x4000 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma code test_func 0x4000
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+library
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instructs the linker to use a library module.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Usage:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma library module_name
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+module_name
+\emph default
+ can be any library or object file (including its path).
+ Note that there are four reserved keywords which have special meaning.
+ These are:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="20page%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Keyword
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Module to link
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+ignore
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ignore all library pragmas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+(none)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+link the C library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+libc18f
+\emph default
+.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+link the Math libarary
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+libm18f
+\emph default
+.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+io
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+link the I/O library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+libio18f*
+\emph default
+.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+link the debug library
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+libdebug
+\emph default
+.lib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+* is the device number, i.e.
+ 452 for PIC18F452 MCU.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+This feature allows for linking with specific libraries without having to
+ explicit name them in the command line.
+ Note that the 
+\noun on
+ignore
+\noun default
+ keyword will reject all modules specified by the library pragma.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+udata
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma udata
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The pragma udata instructs the compiler to emit code so that linker will
+ place a variable at a specific memory bank.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+/* places variable foo at bank2 */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma udata bank2 foo
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+char foo;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order for this pragma to work extra SECTION directives should be added
+ in the .lkr script.
+ In the following example a sample .lkr file is shown:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+// Sample linker script for the PIC18F452 processor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+LIBPATH .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=vectors    START=0x0            END=0x29           PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=page       START=0x2A           END=0x7FFF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=idlocs     START=0x200000       END=0x200007       PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=config     START=0x300000       END=0x30000D       PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=devid      START=0x3FFFFE       END=0x3FFFFF       PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+CODEPAGE   NAME=eedata     START=0xF00000       END=0xF000FF       PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ACCESSBANK NAME=accessram  START=0x0            END=0x7F
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr0       START=0x80           END=0xFF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr1       START=0x100          END=0x1FF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr2       START=0x200          END=0x2FF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr3       START=0x300          END=0x3FF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr4       START=0x400          END=0x4FF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DATABANK   NAME=gpr5       START=0x500          END=0x5FF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ACCESSBANK NAME=accesssfr  START=0xF80          END=0xFFF          PROTECTED
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=CONFIG     ROM=config
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank0      RAM=gpr0       # these SECTION directives
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank1      RAM=gpr1       # should be added to link
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank2      RAM=gpr2       # section name 'bank?' with
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank3      RAM=gpr3       # a specific DATABANK name
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank4      RAM=gpr4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+SECTION    NAME=bank5      RAM=gpr5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The linker will recognise the section name set in the pragma statement and
+ will position the variable at the memory bank set with the RAM field at
+ the SECTION line in the linker script file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+config
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Pragmas!
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma config
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The pragma config instructs the compiler to emit config directive.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The format is as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma config setting=value [, setting=value]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Multiple settings may be defined on a single line, separated by commas.
+ Settings for a single configuration byte may also be defined on separate
+ lines.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma config CP0=OFF,OSCS=ON,OSC=LP,BOR=ON,BORV=25,WDT=ON,WDTPS=128,CCP2MUX=ON
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma config STVR=ON 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Header Files and Libraries
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:PIC16_Header-Files-and-Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pic device specific header and c source files are automatically generated
+ from MPLAB include files, which are published by Microchip with a special
+ requirement that they are only to be used with authentic Microchip devices.
+ This requirement prevents to publish generated header and c source files
+ under the GPL compatible license, so they are located in the non-free directory
+ (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Search-Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ In order to include them in include and library search paths, the 
+\series bold
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-use-non-free
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ command line option should be defined.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+NOTE: the compiled code, which use non-free pic device specific libraries,
+ is not GPL compatible!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Header Files
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:PIC16_Header-Files"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is one main header file
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Header files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that can be included to the source files using the pic16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port.
+ That file is the 
+\series bold
+pic18fregs.h
+\series default
+.
+ This header file contains the definitions for the processor special registers,
+ so it is necessary if the source accesses them.
+ It can be included by adding the following line in the beginning of the
+ file:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <pic18fregs.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The specific microcontroller is selected within the pic18fregs.h automatically,
+ so the same source can be used with a variety of devices.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Libraries
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:pic16Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The libraries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port depends on are the microcontroller device libraries which contain
+ the symbol definitions for the microcontroller special function registers.
+ These libraries have the format pic18fxxxx.lib, where 
+\emph on
+xxxx
+\emph default
+ is the microcontroller identification number.
+ The specific library is selected automatically by the compiler at link
+ stage according to the selected device.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Libraries are created with gplib which is part of the gputils package 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/gputils
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Building the libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before using SDCC/pic16 there are some libraries that need to be compiled.
+ This process is done automatically if gputils are found at SDCC's compile
+ time.
+ Should you require to rebuild the pic16 libraries manually (e.g.
+ in order to enable output of float values
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!PIC16 Floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ via 
+\family typewriter
+printf()
+\family default
+, see below), these are the steps required to do so under Linux or Mac OS
+ X (cygwin might work as well, but is untested):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+cd device/lib/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+./configure.gnu
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+cd ..
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+make model-pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+su -c 'make install'     # install the libraries, you need the root password
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+cd ../..
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need to install the headers too, do:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+cd device/include
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+su -c 'make install'     # install the headers, you need the root password
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Output of float values via printf()
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The library is normally built without support for displaying float values,
+ only <NO FLOAT>
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<NO FLOAT>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!PIC16 floating point support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ will appear instead of the value.
+ To change this, rebuild the library as stated above, but call 
+\family typewriter
+./configure.gnu --enable-floats 
+\family default
+instead of just 
+\family typewriter
+./configure.gnu
+\family default
+.
+ Also make sure that at least 
+\family typewriter
+libc/stdio/vfprintf.c
+\family default
+ is actually recompiled, e.g.
+ by 
+\family typewriter
+touch
+\family default
+ing it after the 
+\family typewriter
+configure
+\family default
+ run or deleting its 
+\family typewriter
+.o
+\family default
+ file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The more common approach of compiling 
+\family typewriter
+vfprintf.c
+\family default
+ manually with 
+\family typewriter
+-DUSE_FLOATS=1
+\family default
+ should also work, but is untested.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Adding New Devices to the Port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Adding support for a new 16
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+bit PIC MCU requires the following steps:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Create picDEVICE.c and picDEVICE.h from pDEVICE.inc using
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+perl /path/to/sdcc/support/scripts/inc2h-pic16.pl 
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+/path/to/gputils/header/pDEVICE.inc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family typewriter
+mv picDEVICE.h /path/to/sdcc/device/non-free/include/pic16
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family typewriter
+mv picDEVICE.c /path/to/sdcc/device/non-free/lib/pic16/libdev
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Either
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+add the new device to 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/libio/*.ignore
+\family default
+ to suppress building any of the I/O libraries for the new device
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In fact, the 
+\family typewriter
+.ignore
+\family default
+ files are only used when auto-generating 
+\family typewriter
+Makefile.am
+\family default
+ using the 
+\family typewriter
+.../libio/mkmk.sh
+\family default
+ script.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+add the device (family) to 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/support/scripts/pic18fam-h-gen.pl
+\family default
+ to assign I/O styles, run the 
+\family typewriter
+pic18fam-h-gen.pl
+\family default
+ script to generate 
+\family typewriter
+pic18fam.h.gen
+\family default
+, replace your existing 
+\family typewriter
+pic18fam.h
+\family default
+ with the generated file, and (if required) implement new I/O styles in
+ 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16/{adc,i2c,usart}.h
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/lib/pic16/libio/*/*.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Edit 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16/pic18fregs.h
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The file format is self-explanatory, just add
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+#elif defined(picDEVICE)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ 
+\backslash
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+include <picDEVICE.h>
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+at the right place (keep the file sorted, please).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Edit 
+\family typewriter
+/path/to/sdcc/device/include/pic16devices.txt
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+Copy and modify an existing entry or create a new one and insert it at the
+ correct place (keep the file sorted, please).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family typewriter
+( cd /path/to/sdcc/device/non-free/lib/pic16 && sh update.sh )
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Recompile the pic16 libraries as described in 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:pic16Libraries"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or just configure and build sdcc again from scratch (recommended).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Memory Models
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following memory models are supported by the PIC16 port:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+small model
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+large model
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Memory model affects the default size of pointers within the source.
+ The sizes are shown in the next table:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pointer sizes according to memory model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+large model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code pointers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+data pointers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is advisable that all sources within a project are compiled with the
+ same memory model.
+ If one wants to override the default memory model, this can be done by
+ declaring a pointer as 
+\series bold
+far
+\series default
+ or 
+\series bold
+near
+\series default
+.
+ Far selects large memory model's pointers, while near selects small memory
+ model's pointers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard device libraries (see 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:PIC16_Header-Files"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) contain no reference to pointers, so they can be used with both memory
+ models.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Stack
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ implementation for the PIC16 port uses two indirect registers, FSR1 and
+ FSR2.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+FSR1 is assigned as stack pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+FSR2 is assigned as frame pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following stack models are supported by the PIC16 port
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+small
+\noun default
+ model
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+large
+\noun default
+ model
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\noun on
+Small
+\noun default
+ model means that only the FSRxL byte is used to access stack and frame,
+ while 
+\emph on
+\noun on
+large
+\emph default
+\noun default
+ uses both FSRxL and FSRxH registers.
+ The following table shows the stack/frame pointers sizes according to stack
+ model and the maximum space they can address:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Stack & Frame pointer sizes according to stack model
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+large
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Stack pointer FSR1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frame pointer FSR2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16-bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+
+\noun on
+Large 
+\noun default
+stack model is currently not working properly throughout the code generator.
+ So its use is not advised.
+ Also there are some other points that need special care:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Do not create stack sections with size more than one physical bank (that
+ is 256 bytes)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Stack sections should no cross physical bank limits (i.e.
+ #pragma stack 0x50 0x100)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These limitations are caused by the fact that only FSRxL is modified when
+ using SMALL stack model, so no more than 256 bytes of stack can be used.
+ This problem will disappear after LARGE model is fully implemented.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Functions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In addition to the standard SDCC function keywords, PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port makes available two more:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+__wparam
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!wparam
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Use the WREG to pass one byte of the first function argument.
+ This improves speed but you may not use this for functions with arguments
+ that are called via function pointers, otherwise the first byte of the
+ first parameter will get lost.
+ Usage:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+void func_wparam(int a) __wparam
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    /* WREG hold the lower part of a */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    /* the high part of a is stored in FSR2+2 (or +3 for large stack model)
+ */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+__shadowregs
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!shadowregs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ When entering/exiting an ISR, it is possible to take advantage of the PIC18F
+ hardware shadow registers which hold the values of WREG, STATUS and BSR
+ registers.
+ This can be done by adding the keyword 
+\emph on
+__shadowregs
+\emph default
+ before the 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\emph default
+ keyword in the function's header.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+void isr_shadow(void) __shadowregs __interrupt 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+__shadowregs
+\emph default
+ instructs the code generator not to store/restore WREG, STATUS, BSR when
+ entering/exiting the ISR.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Function return values
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Return values from functions are placed to the appropriate registers following
+ a modified Microchip policy optimized for SDCC.
+ The following table shows these registers:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+destination register
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+8 bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+WREG
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+16 bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PRODL:WREG
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24 bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PRODH:PRODL:WREG
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+32 bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FSR0L:PRODH:PRODL:WREG
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+>32 bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+on stack, FSR0 points to the beginning
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An interrupt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ service routine (ISR) is declared using the 
+\emph on
+__interrupt
+\emph default
+ keyword.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+void isr(void) __interrupt 
+\emph on
+n
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the interrupt number, which for PIC18F devices can be:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+n
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt Vector
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Interrupt Vector Address
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+RESET vector
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x000000
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+HIGH priority interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x000008
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LOW priority interrupts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0x000018
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When generating assembly code for ISR the code generator places a 
+\noun on
+goto 
+\noun default
+instruction at the 
+\emph on
+Interrupt Vector Address
+\emph default
+ which points at the generated ISR.
+ This single GOTO instruction is part of an automatically generated 
+\emph on
+interrupt entry point
+\emph default
+ function.
+ The actual ISR code is placed as normally would in the code space.
+ Upon interrupt request, the GOTO instruction is executed which jumps to
+ the ISR code.
+ When declaring interrupt functions as _naked this GOTO instruction is 
+\series bold
+not
+\series default
+ generated.
+ The whole interrupt functions is therefore placed at the Interrupt Vector
+ Address of the specific interrupt.
+ This is not a problem for the LOW priority interrupts, but it is a problem
+ for the RESET and the HIGH priority interrupts because code may be written
+ at the next interrupt's vector address and cause indeterminate program
+ behaviour if that interrupt is raised.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is not a problem when
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+this is a HIGH interrupt ISR and LOW interrupts are 
+\emph on
+disabled
+\emph default
+ or not used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+when the ISR is small enough not to reach the next interrupt's vector address.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ may be omitted.
+ This way a function is generated similar to an ISR, but it is not assigned
+ to any interrupt.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When entering an interrupt, currently the PIC16
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ port automatically saves the following registers:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+WREG
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+STATUS
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+BSR
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+PROD (PRODL and PRODH)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+FSR0 (FSR0L and FSR0H)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These registers are restored upon return from the interrupt routine.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+NOTE that when the _naked attribute is specified for an interrupt routine,
+ then NO registers are stored or restored.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Generic Pointers
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Generic pointers are implemented in PIC16 port as 3-byte (24-bit) types.
+ There are 3 types of generic pointers currently implemented data, code
+ and eeprom pointers.
+ They are differentiated by the value of the 7th and 6th bits of the upper
+ byte:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pointer type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+7th bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+6th bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+rest of the pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+data 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+\emph on
+uuuuuu uuuuxxxx xxxxxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a 12-bit data pointer in data RAM memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+\emph on
+uxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a 21-bit code pointer in FLASH memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+eeprom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+\emph on
+uuuuuu uuuuuuxx xxxxxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a 10-bit eeprom pointer in EEPROM memory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+(unimplemented)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+\emph on
+xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unimplemented pointer type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Generic pointer are read and written with a set of library functions which
+ read/write 1, 2, 3, 4 bytes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Configuration Bits
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Configuration bits (also known as fuses) can be configured using one of
+ two methods:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using #pragma config (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:PIC16_Pragmas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), which is a preferred method for the new code.
+ Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma config CP0=OFF,OSCS=ON,OSC=LP,BOR=ON,BORV=25,WDT=ON,WDTPS=128,CCP2MUX=ON
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#pragma config STVR=ON
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using `
+\family typewriter
+__code
+\family default
+' and `
+\family typewriter
+__at
+\family default
+' modifiers.
+ This method is deprecated.
+ Possible options should be ANDed and can be found in your processor header
+ file.
+ Example for PIC18F2550:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\family typewriter
+#include <pic18fregs.h> //Contains config addresses and options
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+static __code char __at(__CONFIG1L) configword1l =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+  _USBPLL_CLOCK_SRC_FROM_96MHZ_PLL_2_1L &
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\family typewriter
+  _PLLDIV_NO_DIVIDE__4MHZ_INPUT__1L & [...];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+static __code char __at(__CONFIG1H) configword1h = [...];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+static __code char __at(__CONFIG2L) configword2l = [...];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+//More configuration words
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Mixing both methods is not allowed and throws an error message 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+mixing __CONFIG and CONFIG directives
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+PIC16 C Libraries
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Standard I/O Streams
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the 
+\emph on
+stdio.h
+\emph default
+ the type FILE is defined as:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+typedef char * FILE;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This type is the stream type implemented I/O in the PIC18F devices.
+ Also the standard input and output streams are declared in stdio.h:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern FILE * stdin;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern FILE * stdout;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The FILE type is actually a generic pointer which defines one more type
+ of generic pointers, the 
+\emph on
+stream
+\emph default
+ pointer.
+ This new type has the format:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="7">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pointer type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<7:6>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<5>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<4>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<3:0>
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+rest of the pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+descrption
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stream
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+00
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+nnnn
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+\emph on
+uuuuuuuu uuuuuuuu
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+upper byte high nubble is 0x2n, the rest are zeroes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Currently implemented there are 3 types of streams defined:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stream type
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+value
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+module
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STREAM_USART
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+0x200000UL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+USART
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Writes/Reads characters via the USART peripheral
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STREAM_MSSP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+0x210000UL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MSSP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Writes/Reads characters via the MSSP peripheral
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+STREAM_USER
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+0x2f0000UL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+(none)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Writes/Reads characters via used defined functions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The stream identifiers are declared as macros in the stdio.h header.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In the libc library there exist the functions that are used to write to
+ each of the above streams.
+ These are
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+_
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+_stream_usart_putchar writes a character at the USART stream
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+_
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+_stream_mssp_putchar writes a character at the MSSP stream
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+putchar dummy function.
+ This writes a character to a user specified manner.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order to increase performance 
+\emph on
+putchar
+\emph default
+ is declared in stdio.h as having its parameter in WREG (it has the 
+\emph on
+__wparam
+\emph default
+ keyword).
+ In stdio.h exists the macro PUTCHAR(arg) that defines the putchar function
+ in a user-friendly way.
+ 
+\emph on
+arg
+\emph default
+ is the name of the variable that holds the character to print.
+ An example follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <pic18fregs.h>
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+PUTCHAR( c )
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    PORTA = c;    /* dump character c to PORTA */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void main(void)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    stdout = STREAM_USER;    /* this is not necessary, since stdout points
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+                              * by default to STREAM_USER */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    printf (
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+This is a printf test
+\backslash
+n
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Printing functions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PIC16 contains an implementation of the printf-family
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!PIC16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of functions.
+ There exist the following functions:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int sprintf(char *buf, char *fmt, ...);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int vsprintf(char *buf, char *fmt, va_list ap);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int printf(char *fmt, ...);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int vprintf(char *fmt, va_lista ap);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int fprintf(FILE *fp, char *fmt, ...);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+extern unsigned int vfprintf(FILE *fp, char *fmt, va_list ap);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For sprintf and vsprintf 
+\emph on
+buf
+\emph default
+ should normally be a data pointer where the resulting string will be placed.
+ No range checking is done so the user should allocate the necessary buffer.
+ For fprintf and vfprintf 
+\emph on
+fp
+\emph default
+ should be a stream pointer (i.e.
+ stdout, STREAM_MSSP, etc...).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Signals
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC18F family of microcontrollers supports a number of interrupt sources.
+ A list of these interrupts is shown in the following table:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signal name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+signal name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_RB
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PORTB change interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_EE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EEPROM/FLASH write complete interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_INT0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+INT0 external interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_BCOL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bus collision interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_INT1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+INT1 external interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_LVD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Low voltage detect interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_INT2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+INT2 external interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_PSP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Parallel slave port interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_CCP1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+CCP1 module interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_AD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AD convertion complete interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_CCP2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+CCP2 module interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_RC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+USART receive interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_TMR0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TMR0 overflow interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_TX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+USART transmit interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_TMR1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TMR1 overflow interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_MSSP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SSP receive/transmit interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_TMR2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TMR2 matches PR2 interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SIG_TMR3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TMR3 overflow interrupt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The prototypes for these names are defined in the header file 
+\emph on
+signal.h
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In order to simplify signal handling, a number of macros is provided:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+DEF_INTHIGH(name) begin the definition of the interrupt dispatch table for
+ high priority interrupts.
+ 
+\emph on
+name
+\emph default
+ is the function name to use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+DEF_INTLOW(name) begin the definition of the interrupt dispatch table for
+ low priority interrupt.
+ 
+\emph on
+name
+\emph default
+ is the function name to use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+DEF_HANDLER(sig,handler) define a handler for signal 
+\emph on
+sig.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+END_DEF end the declaration of the dispatch table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally there are two more macros to simplify the declaration of the
+ signal handler:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\series medium
+SIGHANDLER(handler)
+\series default
+ this declares the function prototype for the 
+\emph on
+handler
+\emph default
+ function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+SIGHANDLERNAKED(handler) same as SIGHANDLER() but declares a naked function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example of using the macros above is shown below:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <pic18fregs.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <signal.h>
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+DEF_INTHIGH(high_int)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DEF_HANDLER(SIG_TMR0, _tmr0_handler)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+DEF_HANDLER(SIG_BCOL, _bcol_handler)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+END_DEF
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SIGHANDLER(_tmr0_handler)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+  /* action to be taken when timer 0 overflows */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SIGHANDLERNAKED(_bcol_handler)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+  __asm
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    /* action to be taken when bus collision occurs */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+    retfie
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ __endasm;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+NOTES:
+\series default
+ Special care should be taken when using the above scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+do not place a colon (;) at the end of the DEF_* and END_DEF macros.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+when declaring SIGHANDLERNAKED handler never forget to use 
+\emph on
+retfie
+\emph default
+ for proper returning.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+PIC16 Port – Tips
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can find some general tips for compiling programs with SDCC/pic16.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Stack size
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PIC16!stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ size (that is 64 bytes) probably is enough for many programs.
+ One must take care that when there are many levels of function nesting,
+ or there is excessive usage of stack, its size should be extended.
+ An example of such a case is the printf/sprintf family of functions.
+ If you encounter problems like not being able to print integers, then you
+ need to set the stack size around the maximum (256 for small stack model).
+ The following diagram shows what happens when calling printf to print an
+ integer:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+printf () --> ltoa () --> ultoa () --> divschar ()
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is should be understood that stack is easily consumed when calling complicate
+d functions.
+ Using command line arguments like -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-fomit-frame-pointer might reduce stack usage by not creating unnecessary
+ stack frames.
+ Other ways to reduce stack usage may exist.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Known Bugs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Extended Instruction Set
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16 port emits code which is incompatible with the extended instruction
+ set available with many newer devices.
+ Make sure to always explicitly disable it, usually using:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family typewriter
+#pragma config XINST=OFF
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+or deprecated:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family typewriter
+static __code char __at(__CONFIG4L) conf4l = /* more flags & */ _XINST_OFF_4L;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Some devices (namely 18f2455, 18f2550, 18f4455, and 18f4550) use _ENHCPU_OFF_4L
+ instead of _XINST_OFF_4L.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Regression Tests
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC16 port currently passes most but not all of the tests in SDCC's
+ regression test
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Regression test (PIC16)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ suite (see section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quality-control"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), thus no automatic regression tests are currently performed for the PIC16
+ target.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Debugging
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several approaches to debugging your code.
+ This chapter is meant to show your options and to give detail on some of
+ them:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+When writing your code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+write your code with debugging in mind (avoid duplicating code, put conceptually
+ similar variables into structs, use structured code, have strategic points
+ within your code where all variables are consistent, ...)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+run a syntax-checking tool like splint
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+splint (syntax checking tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+lint (syntax checking tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (see -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-more-pedantic 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) over the code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+for the high level code use a C-compiler (like f.e.
+ GCC) to compile run and debug the code on your host.
+ See (see -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-more-pedantic 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "lyx:more-pedantic-SPLINT"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) on how to handle syntax extensions like __xdata, __at(), ...
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use another C-compiler to compile code for your target.
+ Always an option but not recommended:) And not very likely to help you.
+ If you seriously consider walking this path you should at least occasionally
+ check portability of your code.
+ Most commercial compiler vendors will offer an evaluation version so you
+ can test compile your code or snippets of your code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Debugging on a simulator:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+there is a separate section about SDCDB (section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) below.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or (8051 specific) use a free open source/commercial simulator which interfaces
+ to the AOMF
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AOMF, AOMF51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file (see 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "OMF file"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) optionally generated by SDCC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Debugging On-target: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use a MCU port pin to serially output debug data to the RS232 port of your
+ host.
+ You'll probably want some level shifting device typically involving a MAX232
+ or similar IC.
+ If the hardware serial port of the MCU is not available search for 'Software
+ UART' in your favourite search machine.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use an on-target monitor.
+ In this context a monitor is a small program which usually accepts commands
+ via a serial line and allows to set program counter, to single step through
+ a program and read/write memory locations.
+ For the 8051 good examples of monitors are paulmon and cmon51 (see section
+ 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Related-open-source-tools"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+toggle MCU port pins at strategic points within your code and use an oscilloscop
+e.
+ A 
+\emph on
+digital oscilloscope
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oscilloscope
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with deep trace memory is really helpful especially if you have to debug
+ a realtime application.
+ If you need to monitor more pins than your oscilloscope provides you can
+ sometimes get away with a small R-2R network.
+ On a single channel oscilloscope you could for example monitor 2 push-pull
+ driven pins by connecting one via a 10
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+k
+\begin_inset Formula $\Omega$
+\end_inset
+
+ resistor and the other one by a 5
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+k
+\begin_inset Formula $\Omega$
+\end_inset
+
+ resistor to the oscilloscope probe (check output drive capability of the
+ pins you want to monitor).
+ If you need to monitor many more pins a 
+\emph on
+logic analyzer
+\emph default
+ will be handy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use an ICE (
+\emph on
+i
+\emph default
+n 
+\emph on
+c
+\emph default
+ircuit 
+\emph on
+e
+\emph default
+mulator
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ICE (in circuit emulator)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Usually very expensive.
+ And very nice to have too.
+ And usually locks you (for years...) to the devices the ICE can emulate.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use a remote debugger.
+ In most 8-bit systems the symbol information is not available on the target,
+ and a complete debugger is too bulky for the target system.
+ Therefore usually a debugger on the host system connects to an on-target
+ debugging stub which accepts only primitive commands.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Terms to enter into your favourite search engine could be 'remote debugging',
+ 'gdb stub' or 'inferior debugger'.
+ (is there one?)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use an on target hardware debugger.
+ Some of the more modern MCUs include hardware support for setting break
+ points and monitoring/changing variables by using dedicated hardware pins.
+ This facility doesn't require additional code to run on the target and
+ 
+\emph on
+usually
+\emph default
+ doesn't affect runtime behaviour until a breakpoint is hit.
+ For the mcs51 most hardware debuggers use the AOMF
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AOMF, AOMF51
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file (see 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "OMF file"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) as input file.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Last not least:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+if you are not familiar with any of the following terms you're likely to
+ run into problems rather sooner than later: 
+\emph on
+volatile
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+atomic
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+memory map
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+overlay
+\emph default
+.
+ As an embedded programmer you 
+\emph on
+have
+\emph default
+ to know them so why not look them up 
+\emph on
+before
+\emph default
+ you have problems?)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+tell someone else about your problem (actually this is a surprisingly effective
+ means to hunt down the bug even if the listener is not familiar with your
+ environment).
+ As 'failure to communicate' is probably one of the job-induced deformations
+ of an embedded programmer this is highly encouraged.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Debugging with SDCDB
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Debugging-with-SDCDB"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCDB (debugger)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC is distributed with a source level debugger
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Debugger
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The debugger uses a command line interface, the command repertoire of the
+ debugger has been kept as close to gdb
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gdb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (the GNU debugger) as possible.
+ The configuration and build process is part of the standard compiler installati
+on, which also builds and installs the debugger in the target directory
+ specified during configuration.
+ The debugger allows you debug BOTH at the C source and at the ASM source
+ level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compiling for Debugging
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option must be specified for all files for which debug information is to
+ be generated.
+ The compiler generates a .adb file for each of these files.
+ The linker creates the .cdb
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.cdb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ file from the .adb
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<file>.adb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ files and the address information.
+ This .cdb is used by the debugger.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+How the Debugger Works
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-debug option is specified the compiler generates extra symbol information
+ some of which are put into the assembler source and some are put into the
+ .adb file.
+ Then the linker creates the .cdb file from the individual .adb files with
+ the address information for the symbols.
+ The debugger reads the symbolic information generated by the compiler &
+ the address information generated by the linker.
+ It uses the SIMULATOR (Daniel's S51) to execute the program, the program
+ execution is controlled by the debugger.
+ When a command is issued for the debugger, it translates it into appropriate
+ commands for the simulator.
+ (Currently SDCDM only connects to the simulator but 
+\emph on
+newcdb
+\emph default
+ at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://ec2drv.sourceforge.net/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an effort to connect directly to the hardware.) 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Starting the Debugger SDCDB
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The debugger can be started using the following command line.
+ (Assume the file you are debugging has the file name foo).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcdb foo
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The debugger will look for the following files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+foo.c - the source file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+foo.cdb - the debugger symbol information file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+foo.ihx - the Intel hex format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel hex format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ object file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+SDCDB Command Line Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-directory=<source file directory> this option can used to specify the directory
+ search list.
+ The debugger will look into the directory list specified for source, cdb
+ & ihx files.
+ The items in the directory list must be separated by ':', e.g.
+ if the source files can be in the directories /home/src1 and /home/src2,
+ the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-directory option should be -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-directory=/home/src1:/home/src2.
+ Note there can be no spaces in the option.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-cd <directory> - change to the <directory>.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-fullname - used by GUI front ends.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-cpu <cpu-type> - this argument is passed to the simulator please see the
+ simulator docs for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-X <Clock frequency > this options is passed to the simulator please see
+ the simulator docs for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-s <serial port file> passed to simulator see the simulator docs for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-S <serial in,out> passed to simulator see the simulator docs for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+-k <port number> passed to simulator see the simulator docs for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+SDCDB Debugger Commands
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As mentioned earlier the command interface for the debugger has been deliberatel
+y kept as close the GNU debugger gdb, as possible.
+ This will help the integration with existing graphical user interfaces
+ (like ddd, xxgdb or xemacs) existing for the GNU debugger.
+ If you use a graphical user interface for the debugger you can skip this
+ section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+break [line | file:line | function | file:function]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Set breakpoint at specified line or function:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcdb>break 100 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>break foo.c:100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>break funcfoo
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>break foo.c:funcfoo
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+clear [line | file:line | function | file:function ]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clear breakpoint at specified line or function:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcdb>clear 100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>clear foo.c:100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>clear funcfoo
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb>clear foo.c:funcfoo
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+continue
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Continue program being debugged, after breakpoint.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+finish
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Execute till the end of the current function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+delete [n]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Delete breakpoint number 'n'.
+ If used without any option clear ALL user defined break points.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+info [break | stack | frame | registers ]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+info break - list all breakpoints
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+info stack - show the function call stack.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+info frame - show information about the current execution frame.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+info registers - show content of all registers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+step
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Step program until it reaches a different source line.
+ Note: pressing <return> repeats the last command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+next
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Step program, proceeding through subroutine calls.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+run
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Start debugged program.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+ptype variable 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Print type information of the variable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+print variable
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+print value of variable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+file filename
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+load the given file name.
+ Note this is an alternate method of loading file for debugging.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+frame
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+print information about current frame.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+set srcmode
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Toggle between C source & assembly source.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+! simulator command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Send the string following '!' to the simulator, the simulator response is
+ displayed.
+ Note the debugger does not interpret the command being sent to the simulator,
+ so if a command like 'go' is sent the debugger can loose its execution
+ context and may display incorrect values.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+quit
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+"Watch me now.
+ Iam going Down.
+ My name is Bobby Brown"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Interfacing SDCDB with DDD
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The screenshot was converted from png to eps with: 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+bmeps -c -e8f -p3 ddd_example.png >ddd_example.eps
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ which produces a pretty compact eps file which is free from compression
+ artifacts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The screenshot was included in sdccman.lyx cvs version 1.120 but later removed
+ as this broke the build system on Sourceforge (pdf-file was broken.
+ pdflatex does not accept eps files).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The 
+\emph on
+p
+\emph default
+ortable 
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+etwork 
+\emph on
+g
+\emph default
+raphics File 
+\size footnotesize
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki_images/ddd_example.png
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+ shows a screenshot of a debugging session with DDD
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DDD (debugger)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (Unix only) on a simulated 8032.
+ The debugging session might not run as smoothly as the screenshot suggests.
+ The debugger allows setting of breakpoints, displaying and changing variables,
+ single stepping through C and assembler code.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The source was compiled with 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+sdcc -
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+-debug ddd_example.c
+\family default
+\series default
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+and DDD was invoked with 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ddd -debugger "sdcdb -cpu 8032 ddd_example"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Check that the double quotes or an apostrophe within the command line survive
+ the \SpecialChar LyX
+ tool chain.
+ Previously the apostrophes got slanted in the PDF output so a cut and paste
+ did not work.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Interfacing SDCDB with XEmacs
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+XEmacs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Emacs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Two files (in emacs lisp) are provided for the interfacing with XEmacs,
+ sdcdb.el and sdcdbsrc.el.
+ These two files can be found in the $(prefix)/bin directory after the installat
+ion is complete.
+ These files need to be loaded into XEmacs for the interface to work.
+ This can be done at XEmacs startup time by inserting the following into
+ your '.xemacs' file (which can be found in your HOME directory): 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+(load-file sdcdbsrc.el)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+.xemacs is a lisp file so the () around the command is REQUIRED.
+ The files can also be loaded dynamically while XEmacs is running, set the
+ environment variable 'EMACSLOADPATH' to the installation bin directory
+ (<installdir>/bin), then enter the following command ESC-x load-file sdcdbsrc.
+ To start the interface enter the following command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+ESC-x sdcdbsrc
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You will prompted to enter the file name to be debugged.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The command line options that are passed to the simulator directly are bound
+ to default values in the file sdcdbsrc.el.
+ The variables are listed below, these values maybe changed as required.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcdbsrc-cpu-type '51
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcdbsrc-frequency '11059200
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+sdcdbsrc-serial nil
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following is a list of key mapping for the debugger interface.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Current Listing ::
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;key
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+binding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Comment
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;---
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-------
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+-------
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;; 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-next-from-src
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB next command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-back-from-src
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB back command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-cont-from-src
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB continue command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-step-from-src
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB step command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+?
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-whatis-c-sexp
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB ptypecommand for data at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+buffer point
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+x
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-delete
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB Delete all breakpoints if no arg
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+given or delete arg (C-u arg x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-frame
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB Display current frame if no arg,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+given or display frame arg
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+buffer point
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-goto-sdcdb
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Goto the SDCDB output buffer
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+p
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-print-c-sexp
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB print command for data at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+buffer point
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+g
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-goto-sdcdb
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Goto the SDCDB output buffer
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+t
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-mode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toggles Sdcdbsrc mode (turns it off)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+C-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+C-f
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-finish-from-src
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SDCDB finish command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+C-x
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+SPC
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdb-break
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Set break for line with point
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ESC
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+t
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-mode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toggle Sdcdbsrc mode
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ESC
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sdcdbsrc-srcmode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toggle list mode
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+;;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+TIPS
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are a few guidelines that will help the compiler generate more efficient
+ code, some of the tips are specific to this compiler others are generally
+ good programming practice.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use the smallest data type to represent your data-value.
+ If it is known in advance that the value is going to be less than 256 then
+ use an 'unsigned char' instead of a 'short' or 'int'.
+ Please note, that ANSI C requires both signed and unsigned chars to be
+ promoted to 'signed int'
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+promotion to signed int
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ before doing any operation.
+ This promotion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+type promotion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "type promotion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be omitted, if the result is the same.
+ The effect of the promotion rules together with the sign-extension is often
+ surprising:
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char uc = 0xfe;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+if (uc * uc < 0) /* this is true! */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+....
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+uc * uc
+\family default
+ is evaluated as 
+\family typewriter
+(int) uc * (int) uc = (int) 0xfe * (int) 0xfe = (int) 0xfc04 = -1024
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Another one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+(unsigned char) -12 / (signed char) -3 = ...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+No, the result is not 4:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+(int) (unsigned char) -12 / (int) (signed char) -3 =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(int) (unsigned char) 0xf4 / (int) (signed char) 0xfd =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(int) 0x00f4 / (int) 0xfffd =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(int) 0x00f4 / (int) 0xfffd =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(int) 244 / (int) -3 =
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(int) -81 = (int) 0xffaf;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Don't complain, that gcc gives you a different result.
+ gcc uses 32 bit ints, while SDCC uses 16 bit ints.
+ Therefore the results are different.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+From 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+comp.lang.c FAQ
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+
+\emph on
+If well-defined overflow characteristics are important and negative values
+ are not, or if you want to steer clear of sign-extension problems when
+ manipulating bits or bytes, use one of the corresponding unsigned types.
+ (Beware when mixing signed and unsigned values in expressions, though.)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Although character types (especially unsigned char) can be used as "tiny"
+ integers, doing so is sometimes more trouble than it's worth, due to unpredicta
+ble sign extension and increased code size.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use unsigned when it is known in advance that the value is not going to
+ be negative.
+ This helps especially if you are doing division or multiplication, bit-shifting
+ or are using an array index.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+NEVER jump into a LOOP.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Declare the variables to be local
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+local variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ whenever possible, especially loop control variables (induction).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Have a look at the assembly listing to get a 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+feeling
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ for the code generation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Porting code from or to other compilers
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Porting-code-to-other-compilers"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check whether endianness
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Endianness
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the compilers differs and adapt where needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check the device specific header files
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Header files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Include files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for compiler specific syntax.
+ Eventually include the file <compiler.h
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+compiler.h (include file)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+> 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://svn.code.sf.net/p/sdcc/code/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/compiler.h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to allow using common header files.
+ (see f.e.
+ cc2510fx.h 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://svn.code.sf.net/p/sdcc/code/trunk/sdcc/device/include/mcs51/cc2510fx.h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check whether the startup code contains the correct initialization (watchdog
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+watchdog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, peripherals).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check whether the sizes of short, int, long match.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check if some 16 or 32 bit hardware registers require a specific addressing
+ order (least significant or most significant byte first) and adapt if needed
+ (
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+last
+\emph default
+ relate to time and not to lower/upper memory location here, so this is
+ 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ the same as endianness).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check whether the keyword 
+\emph on
+volatile
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+volatile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ is used where needed.
+ The compilers might differ in their optimization characteristics (as different
+ versions of the same compiler might also use more clever optimizations
+ this is good idea anyway).
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Common-interrupt-pitfall-volatile"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check that the compilers are not told to suppress warnings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check and convert compiler specific extensions (interrupts, memory areas,
+ pragmas etc.).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check for differences in type promotion.
+ Especially check for math operations on 
+\family typewriter
+char
+\family default
+ or 
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char
+\family default
+ variables.
+ For the sake of C99 compatibility SDCC will probably promote these to 
+\family typewriter
+int
+\family default
+ more often than other compilers.
+ Eventually insert explicit casts to 
+\family typewriter
+(char)
+\family default
+ or 
+\family typewriter
+(unsigned char)
+\family default
+.
+ Also check that the ~
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+operator
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+~ Operator
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is not used on 
+\family typewriter
+bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ variables, use the !
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+operator instead.
+ See sections 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "type promotion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check the assembly code generated for interrupt routines (f.e.
+ for calls to possibly non-reentrant library functions).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check whether timing loops result in proper timing (or preferably consider
+ a rewrite of the code with timer based delays instead).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check for differences in printf parameters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!parameters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (some compilers push (va_arg
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vararg, va
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+arg
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) char variables as 
+\family typewriter
+int
+\family default
+ others push them as 
+\family typewriter
+char
+\family default
+.
+ See section 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Compatibility-with-previous"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Provide a putchar()
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+printf()!putchar()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ function if needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+check the resulting memory map
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Memory map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Usage of different memory spaces: code, stack, data (for mcs51/ds390 additional
+ly idata, pdata, xdata).
+ Eventually check if unexpected library functions are included.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tools
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ included in the distribution
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="28" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Purpose
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Directory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+as2gbmap.py
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas map to rrgb map and no$gmb sym file format converter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cinc2h.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gpasm inc to c header file converter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gen_known_bugs.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+generate knownbugs.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+keil2sdcc.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Keil header 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Header files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Include files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to SDCC header file converter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+makebin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel Hex to binary and GameBoy binay format converter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mcs51-disasm.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+disassembler to the mcs51 instructions contained hex files
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mh2h.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+header file conversion
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+optimize_pic16devices.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+optimizes or unoptimizes the pic16devices.txt file
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+packihx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Intel Hex packer 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+packihx (tool)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pic14-header-parser.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+helper to realization of peripheral-handling (PIC14)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pic16-header-parser.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+helper to realization of peripheral-handling (PIC16)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pic16fam-h-gen.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+helper to realization of peripheral-handling (PIC14)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pic18fam-h-gen.pl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+helper to realization of peripheral-handling (PIC16)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+repack_release.sh
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+repack sdcc to release package
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdcc/support/scripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas390
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+sdcc/bin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas6808
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sdas8051
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+assembler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Makefile
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and project workspaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+project workspace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.cmake.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and a dedicated wiki entry: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CmakeSdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Related documentation / recommended reading
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="20col%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30col%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="50col%">
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+
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+
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+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c-refcard.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C Reference Card
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C Reference card
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, 2 pages
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+\begin_inset Text
+
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+
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+
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+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+c-faq
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C FAQ
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+http://www.c-faq.com
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+
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+
+
+\end_layout
+
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ISO/IEC 9899:TC2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_inset
+
+C-Standard
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\size footnotesize
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ISO/IEC DTR 18037
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_inset
+
+Extensions for Embedded C
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1021.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latest datasheet of target CPU
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vendor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Revision history of datasheet
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vendor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Application notes specifically for SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC makes no claims about the completeness of this list and about up-to-datenes
+s or correctness of the application notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Application notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="17col%">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="27col%">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="56col%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
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+Vendor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+Subject / Title
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\size footnotesize
+Where to get
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Maxim / Dallas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Using the SDCC Compiler for the DS80C400
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS80C400
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3346.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Maxim / Dallas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none" width="30line%">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Using the Free SDCC C Compiler to Develop Firmware for the DS89C420/430/440/450
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DS89C4x0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Family of Microcontrollers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN3477.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Silicon Laboratories / Cygnal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Integrating SDCC 8051 Tools Into The Silicon Labs IDE
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+IDE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.silabs.com/public/documents/tpub_doc/anote/Microcontrollers/en/an198.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Ramtron / Goal Semiconductor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Interfacing SDCC to Syn and Textpad
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Ramtron / Goal Semiconductor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Installing and Configuring SDCC and Crimson Editor 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Microcontroller/Support_Tools.asp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Texas Instruments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+MSC12xx Programming with SDCC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://focus.ti.com/general/docs/lit/getliterature.tsp?literatureNumber=sbaa109&fil
+eType=pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Some Questions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some questions answered, some pointers given - it might be time to in turn
+ ask 
+\emph on
+you
+\emph default
+ some questions: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+can you solve your project with the selected microcontroller? Would you
+ find out early or rather late that your target is too small/slow/whatever?
+ Can you switch to a slightly better device if it doesn't fit?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+should you solve the problem with an 8 bit CPU? Or would a 16/32 bit CPU
+ and/or another programming language be more adequate? Would an operating
+ system on the target device help?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+if you solved the problem, will the marketing department be happy?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+if the marketing department is happy, will customers be happy?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+if you're the project manager, marketing department and maybe even the customer
+ in one person, have you tried to see the project from the outside?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+is the project done if you think it is done? Or is just that other interface/pro
+tocol/feature/configuration/option missing? How about website, manual(s),
+ internationali(z|s)ation, packaging, labels, 2nd source for components,
+ electromagnetic compatability/interference, documentation for production,
+ production test software, update mechanism, patent issues?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+is your project adequately positioned in that magic triangle: fame, fortune,
+ fun?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Maybe not all answers to these questions are known and some answers may
+ even be 
+\emph on
+no
+\emph default
+, nevertheless knowing these questions may help you to avoid burnout
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+burnout is bad for electronic devices, programmers and motorcycle tyres
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Chances are you didn't want to hear some of them...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Support
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC has grown to be a large project.
+ The compiler alone (without the preprocessor, assembler and linker) is
+ well over 150,000 lines of code (blank stripped).
+ The open source nature of this project is a key to its continued growth
+ and support.
+ You gain the benefit and support of many active software developers and
+ end users.
+ Is SDCC perfect? No, that's why we need your help.
+ The developers take pride in fixing reported bugs.
+ You can help by reporting the bugs and helping other SDCC users.
+ There are lots of ways to contribute, and we encourage you to take part
+ in making SDCC a great software package.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The SDCC project is hosted on the SDCC SourceForge site at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdcc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You'll find the complete set of mailing lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mailing list(s)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, forums, bug reporting system, patch submission
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Patch submission
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ system, wiki, rss-feed, download
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+download
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ area and Subversion code repository
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subversion code repository
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ there.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Reporting Bugs
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bug reporting
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reporting bugs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Communication!Bug report
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The recommended way of reporting bugs is using the infrastructure of the
+ SourceForge site.
+ You can follow the status of bug reports there and have an overview about
+ the known bugs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bug reports are automatically forwarded to the developer mailing list and
+ will be fixed ASAP.
+ When reporting a bug, it is very useful to include a small test program
+ (the smaller the better) which reproduces the problem.
+ If you can isolate the problem by looking at the generated assembly code,
+ this can be very helpful.
+ Compiling your program with the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dumpall
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dumpall
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ option can sometimes be useful in locating optimization problems.
+ When reporting a bug please make sure you:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Attach the code you are compiling with SDCC.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Specify the exact command you use to run SDCC, or attach your Makefile.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Specify the SDCC version (type "
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc -v
+\family default
+\series default
+"), your platform, and operating system.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Provide an exact copy of any error message or incorrect output.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Put something meaningful in the subject of your message.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please attempt to include these 5 important parts, as applicable, in all
+ requests for support or when reporting any problems or bugs with SDCC.
+ Though this will make your message lengthy, it will greatly improve your
+ chance that SDCC users and developers will be able to help you.
+ Some SDCC developers are frustrated by bug reports without code provided
+ that they can use to reproduce and ultimately fix the problem, so please
+ be sure to provide sample code if you are reporting a bug! 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please have a short check that you are using a recent version of SDCC and
+ the bug is not yet known.
+ This is the link for reporting bugs: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/bugs/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ With SDCC on average having more than 200 downloads
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+download
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ on SourceForge per day
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+220 daily downloads on average Jan-Sept 2006 and about 150 daily downloads
+ between 2002 and 2005.
+ This does not include other methods of distribution.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ there must be some users.
+ So it's not exactly easy to find a new bug.
+ If you find one we need it: 
+\emph on
+reporting bugs is good
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Requesting Features
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Requesting-Features"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Feature request
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Requesting features
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Communication!Feature request
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Like bug reports feature requests are forwarded to the developer mailing
+ list.
+ This is the link for requesting features: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/feature-requests/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Submitting patches
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Communication!Patch submission
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Like bug reports contributed patches are forwarded to the developer mailing
+ list.
+ This is the link for submitting patches
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Patch submission
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/patches/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to specify some parameters to the 
+\family typewriter
+diff
+\family default
+ command for the patches to be useful.
+ If you modified more than one file a patch created f.e.
+ with 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+diff -Naur unmodified_directory modified_directory >my_changes.patch
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ will be fine, otherwise 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+diff -u sourcefile.c.orig sourcefile.c >my_changes.patch
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ will do.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Getting Help
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These links should take you directly to the Mailing lists 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/mailman/sdcc-user/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Traffic on sdcc-devel and sdcc-user is about 100 mails/month each not counting
+ automated messages (mid 2003)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and the Forums 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/discussion/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mailing list(s)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Communication!Mailing lists
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and forums are archived and searchable so if you are lucky someone already
+ had a similar problem.
+ While mails to the lists themselves are delivered promptly their web front
+ end on SourceForge sometimes shows a severe time lag (up to several weeks),
+ if you're seriously using SDCC please consider subscribing to the lists.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+ChangeLog
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can follow the status of the Subversion version
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+version
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of SDCC by watching the Changelog
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Changelog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the Subversion repository
+\size footnotesize
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://svn.code.sf.net/p/sdcc/code/trunk/sdcc/ChangeLog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Subversion Source Code Repository
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The output of 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+sdcc -
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+-version
+\family default
+\series default
+ or the filenames of the snapshot versions of SDCC include date and its
+ Subversion
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subversion code repository
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ number.
+ Subversion allows to download the source of recent or previous versions
+ 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/code/8805/tree/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (by number or by date).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Release policy
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Release policy
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Starting with version 2.4.0 SDCC in 2004 uses a time-based release schedule
+ with one official release usually during the first half of the year.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The last digit of an official release is zero.
+ Additionally there are daily snapshots available at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and you can always build the very last version from the source code available
+ at Sourceforge 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php#Source
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The SDCC Wiki
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+wiki
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SDCC Wiki
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ also holds some information about past and future releases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Quality control
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Quality-control"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quality control
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler is passed through 
+\shape italic
+daily
+\shape default
+ snapshot build compile and build checks.
+ The so called 
+\shape italic
+regression tests
+\shape default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Regression test
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ check that SDCC itself compiles flawlessly on several host platforms (i386,
+ Opteron, 64 bit Alpha, ppc64, Mac OS X on ppc and i386, Solaris on Sparc)
+ and checks the quality of the code generated by SDCC by running the code
+ for several target platforms through simulators.
+ The regression test suite comprises about 1000 files which expand to more
+ than 1500 test cases which include about 7000 tests.
+ A large number of tests from the GCC test suite is included in this.
+ The results of these tests are published daily on SDCC's snapshot page
+ (click on the red or green symbols on the right side of 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/snap.php
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You'll find the test code in the directory 
+\shape italic
+sdcc/support/regression
+\shape default
+.
+ You can run these tests manually by running 
+\family sans
+make
+\family default
+ in this directory (or f.e.
+ 
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+make test-mcs51
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+ if you don't want to run the complete tests).
+ The test code might also be interesting if you want to look for examples
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ checking corner cases of SDCC or if you plan to submit patches
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Patch submission
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PIC14 port uses a different set of regression tests 
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Regression test (PIC14)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you'll find them in the directory 
+\shape italic
+sdcc/src/regression
+\shape default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Examples
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You'll find some small examples in the directory 
+\emph on
+sdcc/device/examples/.
+
+\emph default
+ More examples and libraries are available at 
+\emph on
+The SDCC Open Knowledge Resource 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdccokr.dl9sec.de/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ web site or at 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+I did insert a reference to Paul's web site here although it seems rather
+ dedicated to a specific 8032 board (I think it's okay because it f.e.
+ shows LCD/Harddisc interface and has a free 8051 monitor.
+ Independent 8032 board vendors face hard competition of heavily subsidized
+ development boards anyway).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maybe we should include some links to real world applications.
+ Preferably pointer to pointers (one for each architecture) so this stays
+ manageable here?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Use of SDCC in Education
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In short: 
+\emph on
+highly
+\emph default
+ encouraged
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+the phrase "use in education" might evoke the association "
+\emph on
+only
+\emph default
+ fit for use in education".
+ This connotation is not intended but nevertheless risked as the licensing
+ of SDCC makes it difficult to offer educational discounts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If your rationales are to:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+give students a chance to understand the 
+\emph on
+complete
+\emph default
+ steps of code generation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+have a curriculum that can be extended for years.
+ Then you could use an FPGA board as target and your curriculum will seamlessly
+ extend from logic synthesis (http://www.opencores.org 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+opencores.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, Oregano 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.oregano.at/ip/ip01.htm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+), over assembly programming, to C to FPGA compilers (FPGAC 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/fpgac/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and to C.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+be able to insert excursions about skills like using a revision control
+ system, submitting/applying patches, using a type-setting (as opposed to
+ word-processing) engine \SpecialChar LyX
+/\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, using SourceForge 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, following some netiquette 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netiquette
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, understanding BSD/LGPL/GPL/Proprietary licensing, growth models of Open
+ Source Software, CPU simulation, compiler regression tests
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Regression test
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+And if there should be a shortage of ideas then you can always point students
+ to the ever-growing feature request list 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/p/sdcc/feature-requests/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+not tie students to a specific host platform and instead allow them to use
+ a host platform of 
+\emph on
+their
+\emph default
+ choice (among them Alpha, i386, i386_64, Mac OS X, Mips, Sparc, Windows
+ and eventually OLPC 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.laptop.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+not encourage students to use illegal copies of educational software
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+be immune to licensing/availability/price changes of the chosen tool chain
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+be able to change to a new target platform without having to adopt a new
+ tool chain
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+have complete control over and insight into the tool chain
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+make your students aware about the pros and cons of open source software
+ development
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+give back to the public as you are probably at least partially publicly
+ funded
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+give students a chance to publicly prove their skills and to possibly see
+ a world wide impact
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+then SDCC is probably among the first choices.
+ Well, probably SDCC might be the only choice.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+SDCC Technical Data
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Optimizations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Optimizations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC performs a host of standard optimizations in addition to some MCU specific
+ optimizations.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Sub-expression Elimination
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subexpression elimination
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler does local and 
+\emph on
+g
+\emph default
+lobal 
+\emph on
+c
+\emph default
+ommon 
+\emph on
+s
+\emph default
+ubexpression 
+\emph on
+e
+\emph default
+limination, e.g.: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+i = x + y + 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+j = x + y;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will be translated to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+iTemp = x + y;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i = iTemp + 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+j = iTemp;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some subexpressions are not as obvious as the above example, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+a->b[i].c = 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+a->b[i].d = 11;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this case the address arithmetic a->b[i] will be computed only once;
+ the equivalent code in C would be.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+iTemp = a->b[i];
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+iTemp.c = 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+iTemp.d = 11;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler will try to keep these temporary variables in registers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dead-Code Elimination
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dead-code elimination
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int global;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void f () {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+i = 1; 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* dead store */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+global = 1;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* dead store */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+global = 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+global = 3;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* unreachable */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will be changed to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int global;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+void f () {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+global = 2; 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Copy-Propagation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Copy propagation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int f() {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int i, j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+i = 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+j = i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will be changed to 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+int f() {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int i, j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+i = 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+j = 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return 10;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note: the dead stores created by this copy propagation will be eliminated
+ by dead-code elimination.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Loop Optimizations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loop optimization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Loop-Optimizations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Two types of loop optimizations are done by SDCC 
+\emph on
+loop invariant
+\emph default
+ lifting and 
+\emph on
+strength reduction
+\emph default
+ of loop induction variables.
+ In addition to the strength reduction the optimizer marks the induction
+ variables and the register allocator tries to keep the induction variables
+ in registers for the duration of the loop.
+ Because of this preference of the register allocator
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Register allocation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, loop induction optimization causes an increase in register pressure, which
+ may cause unwanted spilling of other temporary variables into the stack
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / data space.
+ The compiler will generate a warning message when it is forced to allocate
+ extra space either on the stack or data space.
+ If this extra space allocation is undesirable then induction optimization
+ can be eliminated either for the entire source file (with -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-noinduction option) or for a given function only using #pragma
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+noinduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+pragma noinduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Loop Invariant:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+for (i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+f += k + l;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+changed to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+itemp = k + l;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+f += itemp;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As mentioned previously some loop invariants are not as apparent, all static
+ address computations are also moved out of the loop.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Strength Reduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Strength reduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, this optimization substitutes an expression by a cheaper expression:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+for (i=0;i < 100; i++)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ar[i*5] = i*3;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+changed to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+itemp1 = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+itemp2 = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+for (i=0;i< 100;i++) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ar[itemp1] = itemp2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+itemp1 += 5;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+itemp2 += 3;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The more expensive multiplication
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Multiplication
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is changed to a less expensive addition.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Loop Reversing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loop reversing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This optimization is done to reduce the overhead of checking loop boundaries
+ for every iteration.
+ Some simple loops can be reversed and implemented using a 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+decrement and jump if not zero
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ instruction.
+ SDCC checks for the following criterion to determine if a loop is reversible
+ (note: more sophisticated compilers use data-dependency analysis to make
+ this determination, SDCC uses a more simple minded analysis).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The 'for' loop is of the form 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+for(<symbol> = <expression>; <sym> [< | <=] <expression>; [<sym>++ | <sym>
+ += 1])
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<for body>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The <for body> does not contain 
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+continue
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or 'break
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+All goto's are contained within the loop.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+No function calls within the loop.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The loop control variable <sym> is not assigned any value within the loop
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The loop control variable does NOT participate in any arithmetic operation
+ within the loop.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are NO switch statements in the loop.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Algebraic Simplifications
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC does numerous algebraic simplifications, the following is a small sub-set
+ of these optimizations.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+i = j + 0;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* changed to: */
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ i = j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i /= 2;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* for unsigned i changed to: */
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ i >>= 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i = j - j;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* changed to: */
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ i = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i = j / 1;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ /* changed to: */
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ i = j;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note the subexpressions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subexpression
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ given above are generally introduced by macro expansions or as a result
+ of copy/constant propagation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+'switch' Statements
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:'switch'-Statements"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+switch statement
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC can optimize switch statements to jump tables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+jump tables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It makes the decision based on an estimate of the generated code size.
+ SDCC is quite liberal in the requirements for jump table generation: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The labels need not be in order, and the starting number need not be one
+ or zero, the case labels are in numerical sequence or not too many case
+ labels are missing.
+\begin_inset Separator latexpar
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+switch(i) {
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+switch (i) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 4: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 0: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 5: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 1: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 3: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 6: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 3: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 7: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 4: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 8: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 5: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 9: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 6: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 10: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 7: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 11: ...
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 8: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Both the above switch statements will be implemented using a jump-table.
+ The example to the right side is slightly more efficient as the check for
+ the lower boundary of the jump-table is not needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The number of case labels is not larger than supported by the target architectur
+e.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If the case labels are not in numerical sequence ('gaps' between cases)
+ SDCC checks whether a jump table with additionally inserted dummy cases
+ is still attractive.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If the starting number is not zero and a check for the lower boundary of
+ the jump-table can thus be eliminated SDCC might insert dummy cases 0,
+ ...
+ .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Switch statements which have large gaps in the numeric sequence or those
+ that have too many case labels can be split into more than one switch statement
+ for efficient code generation, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+switch (i) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 1: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 2: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 3: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 4: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 5: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 6: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 7: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 101: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 102: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 103: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 104: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 105: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 106: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 107: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the above switch statement is broken down into two switch statements
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+switch (i) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 1: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 2: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 3: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 4: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 5: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 6: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 7: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+switch (i) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 101: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 102: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 103: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 104: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 105: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 106: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+case 107: ...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+then both the switch statements will be implemented using jump-tables whereas
+ the unmodified switch statement will not be.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+There might be reasons which SDCC cannot know about to either favour or
+ not favour jump tables.
+ If the target system has to be as quick for the last switch case as for
+ the first (pro jump table), or if the switch argument is known to be zero
+ in the majority of the cases (contra jump table).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bit-shifting Operations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bit shifting
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bit shifting is one of the most frequently used operation in embedded programmin
+g.
+ SDCC tries to implement bit-shift operations in the most efficient way
+ possible, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned char i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i >>= 4;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+generates the following code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,_i
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+swap a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+anl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,#0x0f
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _i,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In general SDCC will never setup a loop if the shift count is known.
+ Another example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned int i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i >>= 9;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will generate:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,(_i + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(_i + 1),#0x00
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+clr
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+c
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+rrc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_i,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bit-rotation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bit rotation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A special case of the bit-shift operation is bit rotation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+rotating bits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, SDCC recognizes the following expression to be a left bit-rotation:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+unsigned
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+char i;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* unsigned is needed for rotation */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i = ((i << 1) | (i >> 7));
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will generate the following code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a,_i
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+rl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+_i,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC uses pattern matching on the parse tree to determine this operation.Variatio
+ns of this case will also be recognized as bit-rotation, i.e.: 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+i = ((i >> 7) | (i << 1)); /* left-bit rotation */
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nibble and Byte Swapping
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Other special cases of the bit-shift operations are nibble or byte swapping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+swapping nibbles/bytes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, SDCC recognizes the following expressions:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+unsigned
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+char i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+unsigned
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int j;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+i = ((i << 4) | (i >> 4));
+\family default
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+j = ((j << 8) | (j >> 8)); 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and generates a swap instruction for the nibble swapping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nibble swapping
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or move instructions for the byte swapping
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Byte swapping
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+j
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ example can be used to convert from little to big-endian or vice versa.
+ If you want to change the endianness of a 
+\emph on
+signed
+\emph default
+ integer you have to cast to 
+\family typewriter
+(unsigned int)
+\family default
+ first.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that SDCC stores numbers in little-endian
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Usually 8-bit processors don't care much about endianness.
+ This is not the case for the standard 8051 which only has an instruction
+ to increment its 
+\emph on
+dptr
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+DPTR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-datapointer so little-endian is the more efficient byte order.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+little-endian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Endianness
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ format (i.e.
+ lowest order first) for most backends.
+ However, the hc08, s08 and stm8 backends are big-endian.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Highest Order Bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Highest Order Bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / Any Order Bit
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Any Order Bit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is frequently required to obtain the highest order bit of an integral
+ type (long, int, short or char types).
+ Also obtaining any other order bit is not uncommon.
+ SDCC recognizes the following expressions to yield the highest order bit
+ and generates optimized code for it, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned int gint;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+foo () {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char hob1, aob1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bit hob2, hob3, aob2, aob3;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+hob1 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+hob2 = (gint >> 15) & 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+hob3 = gint & 0x8000;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+aob1 = (gint >> 9) & 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+aob2 = (gint >> 8) & 1;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+aob3 = gint & 0x0800;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will generate the following code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+\end_inset
+
+
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+\end_inset
+
+
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+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 61 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 7
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+000A E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 62
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+000C 23
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
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+\end_inset
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 63
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ rl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+000D 54 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 64
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ anl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+000F F5*02
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 65
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_hob1_1_1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 66 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 8
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0011 E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 67
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0013 33
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 68
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ rlc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0014 92*00
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 69
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ _foo_hob2_1_1,c
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 66 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 9
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0016 E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 67
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ mov
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+0018 33
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 68
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ rlc
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+0019 92*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
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+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 69
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ _foo_hob3_1_1,c
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ 70 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+ hob.c 10
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+001B E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
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+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 71
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+001D 03
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 72
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ rr
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+001E 54 01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 73
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ anl
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,#0x01
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0020 F5*03
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 74
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_aob1_1_1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 75 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 11
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0022 E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 76
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0024 13
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 77
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ rrc
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0025 92*02
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 78
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_aob2_1_1,c
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 79 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 12
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0027 E5*01
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 80
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ a,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0029 A2 E3
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 81
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ c,acc[3]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+002B 92*03
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 82
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_aob3_1_1,c
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Other variations of these cases however will 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ be recognized.
+ They are standard C expressions, so I heartily recommend these be the only
+ way to get the highest order bit, (it is portable).
+ Of course it will be recognized even if it is embedded in other expressions,
+ e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+xyz = gint + ((gint >> 15) & 1);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will still be recognized.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Higher Order Byte
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Higher Order Byte
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ / Higher Order Word
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Higher Order Word
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also frequently required to obtain a higher order byte or word of
+ a larger integral type (long, int or short types).
+ SDCC recognizes the following expressions to yield the higher order byte
+ or word and generates optimized code for it, e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+unsigned int gint;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned long int glong;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+foo () {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned char hob1, hob2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unsigned int how1, how2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+hob1 = (gint >> 8) & 0xFF;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+hob2 = glong >> 24;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+how1 = (glong >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+how2 = glong >> 8;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will generate the following code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 91 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 15
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0037 85*01*06
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 92
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_hob1_1_1,(_gint + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 93 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 16
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+003A 85*05*07
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 94
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_hob2_1_1,(_glong + 3)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 95 ;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ hob.c 17
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+003D 85*04*08
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 96
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_how1_1_1,(_glong + 2)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0040 85*05*09
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 97
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ (_foo_how1_1_1 + 1),(_glong + 3)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0043 85*03*0A
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 98
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ _foo_how2_1_1,(_glong + 1)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+0046 85*04*0B
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 99
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ mov
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ (_foo_how2_1_1 + 1),(_glong + 2)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Again, variations of these cases may 
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ be recognized.
+ They are standard C expressions, so I heartily recommend these be the only
+ way to get the higher order byte/word, (it is portable).
+ Of course it will be recognized even if it is embedded in other expressions,
+ e.g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+xyz = gint + ((gint >> 8) & 0xFF);
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will still be recognized.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Placement of Bank-Selection Instructions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For non-intrinsic named address spaces, SDCC will place the bank selection
+ instructions optimally.
+ For details see Philipp Klaus Krause, 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Optimal Placement of Bank Selection Instructions in Polynomial Time
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+, Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Software and Compilers
+ for Embedded Systems, M-SCOPES ’13, pp 23–30.
+ Association for Computing Machinery, 2013.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Lifetime-Optimal Speculative Partial Redundancy Elimination
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC has an implementation of lifetime-optimal speculative partial redundancy
+ elimination based on tree-decompositions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Register Allocation
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Register-Allocation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Register-Allocation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+SDCC currently has two register allocators.
+ One of them is optimal when optimizing for code size.
+ This register allocator is used by default on the hc08, s08, z80, z180,
+ r2k, r3ka, gbz80 and stm8 ports.
+ Even though it runs in polynomial time, it can be quite slow; therefore
+ the 
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+--max-allocs-per-node
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ command line option can be used for a trade-off between compilation speed
+ and quality of the generated code: Lower values result in faster compilation,
+ higher values can result in better code being generated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It first creates a tree-decomposition of the control-flow graph, and then
+ uses dynamic programming bottom-up along the tree-decomposition.
+ Optimality is achieved through the use of a cost function, which gives
+ cost for instructions under register assignments.
+ The cost function is target-specific and has to be implemented for each
+ port; in all current SDCC ports the cost function is integrated into code
+ generation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For more details on how this register allocator works, see: Philipp Klaus
+ Krause, 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Optimal Register Allocation in Polynomial Time
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+, Compiler Construction - 22nd International Conference, CC 2013, Held as
+ Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software,
+ ETAPS 2013.
+ Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 7791, pp.
+ 1-20.
+ Springer, 2013.
+ Also: Philipp Klaus Krause, 
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Bytewise Register Allocation
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+, Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Software and Compilers
+ for Embedded Systems, SCOPES ’15, pp 22–27.
+ Association for Computing Machinery, 2015.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Peephole Optimizer
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Peephole-Optimizer"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Peephole optimizer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The compiler uses a rule based, pattern matching and re-writing mechanism
+ for peep-hole optimization.
+ It is inspired by 
+\emph on
+copt
+\emph default
+ a peep-hole optimizer by Christopher W.
+ Fraser (cwfraser
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+microsoft.com).
+ A default set of rules are compiled into the compiler, additional rules
+ may be added with the 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ <filename>
+\emph default
+ option.
+ The rule language is best illustrated with examples.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+replace {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov %1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,%1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} by {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov %1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above rule will change the following assembly
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Assembler routines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ sequence:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov r1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov r1,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note: All occurrences of a 
+\emph on
+%n
+\emph default
+ (pattern variable) must denote the same string.
+ With the above rule, the assembly sequence:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+mov r1,a
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+will remain unmodified.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Other special case optimizations may be added by the user (via 
+\emph on
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file option
+\emph default
+).
+ E.g.
+ some variants of the 8051 MCU
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+MCS51 variants
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ allow only 
+\family typewriter
+ajmp
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+acall
+\family default
+.
+ The following two rules will change all 
+\family typewriter
+ljmp
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+lcall
+\family default
+ to 
+\family typewriter
+ajmp
+\family default
+ and 
+\family typewriter
+acall
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+replace { lcall %1 } by { acall %1 }
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+replace { ljmp %1 } by { ajmp %1 }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(NOTE: from version 2.7.3 on, you can use option -
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+-acall-ajmp
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-acall-ajmp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which also takes care of aligning the interrupt vectors properly.)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The 
+\emph on
+inline-assembler code
+\emph default
+ is also passed through the peep hole optimizer, thus the peephole optimizer
+ can also be used as an assembly level macro expander.
+ The rules themselves are MCU dependent whereas the rule language infra-structur
+e is MCU independent.
+ Peephole optimization rules for other MCU can be easily programmed using
+ the rule language.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The syntax for a rule is as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+rule := replace [ restart ] '{' <assembly sequence> '
+\backslash
+n'
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ '}' by '{' '
+\backslash
+n'
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ <assembly sequence> '
+\backslash
+n'
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ '}' [if <functionName> ] '
+\backslash
+n'
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+<assembly sequence> := assembly instruction (each instruction including
+ labels must be on a separate line).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The optimizer will apply to the rules one by one from the top in the sequence
+ of their appearance, it will terminate when all rules are exhausted.
+ If the 'restart' option is specified, then the optimizer will start matching
+ the rules again from the top, this option for a rule is expensive (performance)
+, it is intended to be used in situations where a transformation will trigger
+ the same rule again.
+ An example of this (not a good one, it has side effects) is the following
+ rule:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+replace restart {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pop %1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+push %1 } by {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+; nop
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the replace pattern cannot be a blank, but can be a comment line.
+ Without the 'restart' option only the innermost 'pop' 'push' pair would
+ be eliminated, i.e.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+pop ar1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+pop ar2
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+push ar2
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+push ar1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+would result in:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+pop ar1
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; nop
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+push ar1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+with
+\emph default
+ the restart option the rule will be applied again to the resulting code
+ and then all the pop-push pairs will be eliminated to yield:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+; nop
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+; nop
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A conditional function can be attached to a rule.
+ Attaching rules are somewhat more involved, let's illustrate this with
+ an example.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+replace {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ljmp %5
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+%2:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} by {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sjmp %5
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+%2:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+} if labelInRange
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The optimizer does a look-up of a function name table defined in function
+ 
+\emph on
+callFuncByName
+\emph default
+ in the source file SDCCpeeph.c, with the name 
+\emph on
+labelInRange
+\emph default
+.
+ If it finds a corresponding entry the function is called.
+ Note there can be no parameters specified for some of these functions,
+ in this case the use of 
+\emph on
+%5
+\emph default
+ is crucial, since the function 
+\emph on
+labelInRange
+\emph default
+ expects to find the label in that particular variable (the hash table containin
+g the variable bindings is passed as a parameter).
+ If you want to code more such functions, take a close look at the function
+ labelInRange and the calling mechanism in source file SDCCpeeph.c.
+ Currently implemented are 
+\emph on
+labelInRange, labelRefCount, labelRefCountChange, labelIsReturnOnly, xramMovcOpt
+ion, portIsDS390, 24bitMode, notVolatile
+\emph default
+.
+ 
+\emph on
+notUsed, notSame, operandsNotRelated, labelJTInRange, canAssign, optimizeReturn,
+ notUsedFrom, labelIsReturnOnly, operandsLiteral, labelIsUncondJump, deadMove,
+ useAcallAjmp
+\emph default
+ and 
+\emph on
+okToRemoveSLOC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This whole thing is a little kludgy, but maybe some day SDCC will have some
+ better means.
+ If you are looking at the 
+\family typewriter
+peeph*.def
+\family default
+ files, you will see the default rules that are compiled into the compiler,
+ you can add your own rules in the default set there if you get tired of
+ specifying the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-peep-file option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Cyclomatic Complexity
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cyclomatic complexity
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cyclomatic complexity of a function is defined as the number of independent
+ paths the program can take during execution of the function.
+ This is an important number since it defines the number test cases you
+ have to generate to validate the function.
+ The accepted industry standard for complexity number is 10, if the cyclomatic
+ complexity reported by SDCC exceeds 10 you should think about simplification
+ of the function logic.
+ Note that the complexity level is not related to the number of lines of
+ code in a function.
+ Large functions can have low complexity, and small functions can have large
+ complexity levels.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+SDCC uses the following formula to compute the complexity:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+complexity = (number of edges in control flow graph) - (number of nodes
+ in control flow graph) + 2;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Having said that the industry standard is 10, you should be aware that in
+ some cases it be may unavoidable to have a complexity level of less than
+ 10.
+ For example if you have switch statement with more than 10 case labels,
+ each case label adds one to the complexity level.
+ The complexity level is by no means an absolute measure of the algorithmic
+ complexity of the function, it does however provide a good starting point
+ for which functions you might look at for further optimization.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Retargetting for other Processors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues for retargetting the compiler are far too numerous to be covered
+ by this document.
+ What follows is a brief description of each of the phases of the compiler
+ and its MCU dependency.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Parsing the source and building the annotated parse tree.
+ This phase is largely MCU independent (except for the language extensions).
+ Syntax & semantic checks are also done in this phase, along with some initial
+ optimizations like back patching labels and the pattern matching optimizations
+ like bit-rotation etc.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The second phase involves generating an intermediate code which can be easy
+ manipulated during the later phases.
+ This phase is entirely MCU independent.
+ The intermediate code generation assumes the target machine has unlimited
+ number of registers, and designates them with the name iTemp.
+ The compiler can be made to dump a human readable form of the code generated
+ by using the -
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-dumpraw option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This phase does the bulk of the standard optimizations and is also MCU independe
+nt.
+ This phase can be broken down into several sub-phases:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Break down intermediate code (iCode) into basic blocks.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Do control flow & data flow analysis on the basic blocks.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Do local common subexpression elimination, then global subexpression elimination
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Dead code elimination
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Loop optimizations
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If loop optimizations caused any changes then do 'global subexpression eliminati
+on' and 'dead code elimination' again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This phase determines the live-ranges; by live range I mean those iTemp
+ variables defined by the compiler that still survive after all the optimization
+s.
+ Live range analysis
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Live range analysis
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is essential for register allocation, since these computation determines
+ which of these iTemps will be assigned to registers, and for how long.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Phase five is register allocation.
+ For new ports register allocator described above in 
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Register-Allocation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ should be used in most cases, since it can result in substantially better
+ code.
+ In the old register allocator, there are two parts to register allocation.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The first part I call 'register packing' (for lack of a better term).
+ In this case several MCU specific expression folding is done to reduce
+ register pressure.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The second part is more MCU independent and deals with allocating registers
+ to the remaining live ranges.
+ A lot of MCU specific code does creep into this phase because of the limited
+ number of index registers available in the 8051.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The Code generation phase is (unhappily), entirely MCU dependent and very
+ little (if any at all) of this code can be reused for other MCU.
+ However the scheme for allocating a homogenized assembler operand for each
+ iCode operand may be reused.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+As mentioned in the optimization section the peep-hole optimizer is rule
+ based system, which can reprogrammed for other MCUs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+More information is available on SDCC Wiki
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+wiki
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (preliminary link 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/SDCC_internals_and_porting
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and in the thread 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=13954144
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Compiler internals
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Compiler internals
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The anatomy of the compiler
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:The-anatomy-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\shape italic
+This is an excerpt from an article published in Circuit Cellar Magazine
+ in
+\shape default
+ 
+\series bold
+\shape italic
+August 2000
+\series default
+.
+ It's outdated (the compiler is much more efficient now and user/developer
+ friendly), but pretty well exposes the guts of it all.
+\shape default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The current version of SDCC can generate code for Intel 8051 and Z80 MCU.
+ It is fairly easy to retarget for other 8-bit MCU.
+ Here we take a look at some of the internals of the compiler.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Parsing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Parsing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Parsing the input source file and creating an AST (Annotated Syntax Tree
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Annotated syntax tree
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This phase also involves propagating types (annotating each node of the
+ parse tree with type information) and semantic analysis.
+ There are some MCU specific parsing rules.
+ For example the intrinsic named address spaces are MCU specific: While
+ there may be an __xdata intrinsic named address space for 8051 there none
+ for z80.
+ SDCC has MCU specific intrinsic named address spacess, i.e.
+ __xdata will be treated as a named address space when parsing 8051 C code
+ but will be treated as a C identifier when parsing z80 code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Generating iCode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+iCode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Intermediate code generation.
+ In this phase the AST is broken down into three-operand form (iCode).
+ These three operand forms are represented as doubly linked lists.
+ ICode is the term given to the intermediate form generated by the compiler.
+ ICode example section shows some examples of iCode generated for some simple
+ C source functions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Optimizations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Optimizations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bulk of the target independent optimizations is performed in this phase.
+ The optimizations include constant propagation, common sub-expression eliminati
+on, loop invariant code movement, strength reduction of loop induction variables
+ and dead-code elimination.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Live range analysis
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Live range analysis
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+During intermediate code generation phase, the compiler assumes the target
+ machine has infinite number of registers and generates a lot of temporary
+ variables.
+ The live range computation determines the lifetime of each of these compiler-ge
+nerated temporaries.
+ A picture speaks a thousand words.
+ ICode example sections show the live range annotations for each of the
+ operand.
+ It is important to note here, each iCode is assigned a number in the order
+ of its execution in the function.
+ The live ranges are computed in terms of these numbers.
+ The from number is the number of the iCode which first defines the operand
+ and the to number signifies the iCode which uses this operand last.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Register Allocation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Register allocation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The register allocation determines the type and number of registers needed
+ by each operand.
+ In most MCUs only a few registers can be used for indirect addressing.
+ In case of 8051 for example the registers R0 & R1 can be used to indirectly
+ address the internal ram and DPTR to indirectly address the external ram.
+ The compiler will try to allocate the appropriate register to pointer variables
+ if it can.
+ ICode example section shows the operands annotated with the registers assigned
+ to them.
+ The compiler will try to keep operands in registers as much as possible;
+ there are several schemes the compiler uses to do achieve this.
+ When the compiler runs out of registers the compiler will check to see
+ if there are any live operands which is not used or defined in the current
+ basic block being processed, if there are any found then it will push that
+ operand and use the registers in this block, the operand will then be popped
+ at the end of the basic block.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other MCU specific considerations in this phase.
+ Some MCUs have an accumulator; very short-lived operands could be assigned
+ to the accumulator instead of a general-purpose register.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+Code generation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Figure II gives a table of iCode
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+iCode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ operations supported by the compiler.
+ The code generation involves translating these operations into corresponding
+ assembly code for the processor.
+ This sounds overly simple but that is the essence of code generation.
+ Some of the iCode operations are generated on a MCU specific manner for
+ example, the z80 port does not use registers to pass parameters so the
+ SEND and RECV iCode operations will not be generated, and it also does
+ not support JUMPTABLES.
+ 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Figure II 
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="39" columns="4">
+<features islongtable="true" headBottomDL="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="13col%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="13col%">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="22col%">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="40col%">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+iCode
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+iCode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Operands
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+C Equivalent
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'!'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+NOT operation 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = ! IC_LEFT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'~'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Bitwise complement of 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = ~IC_LEFT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+RRC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Rotate right with carry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (IC_LEFT << 1) | (IC_LEFT >> (sizeof(IC_LEFT)*8-1));
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+RLC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Rotate left with carry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (IC_LEFT << (sizeof(LC_LEFT)*8-1) ) | (IC_LEFT >> 1);
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+GETHBIT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Get the highest order bit of IC_LEFT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (IC_LEFT >> (sizeof(IC_LEFT)*8 -1));
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+UNARYMINUS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Unary minus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = - IC_LEFT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IPUSH
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Push the operand into stack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+NONE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IPOP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Pop the operand from the stack 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+NONE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+CALL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Call the function represented by IC_LEFT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT();
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+PCALL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Call via function pointer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (*IC_LEFT)();
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+RETURN
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Return the value in operand IC_LEFT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+return IC_LEFT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+LABEL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LABEL() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Label
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LABEL:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+GOTO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LABEL() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Goto label
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+goto IC_LABEL();
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'+'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Addition
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT + IC_RIGHT
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'-'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Subtraction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT - IC_RIGHT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'*'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Multiplication 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT * IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'/'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Division
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT / IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'%'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Modulus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT % IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'<'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Less than
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT < IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'>'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Greater than 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT > IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+EQ_OP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Equal to 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT == IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+AND_OP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Logical and operation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT && IC_RIGHT; 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+OR_OP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Logical or operation 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT || IC_RIGHT; 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'^'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Exclusive OR
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT ^ IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'|'
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Bitwise OR 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT | IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+BITWISEAND
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Bitwise AND 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT & IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+LEFT_OP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Left shift 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT << IC_RIGHT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+RIGHT_OP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Right shift
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_LEFT >> IC_RIGHT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+GET_VALUE_
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+AT_ ADDRESS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Indirect fetch 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (*IC_LEFT);
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+POINTER_SET
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT() 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Indirect set
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+(*IC_RESULT) = IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+'='
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RIGHT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Assignment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IFX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_COND IC_TRUE IC_LABEL
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Conditional jump.
+ If true label is present then jump to true label if condition is true else
+ jump to false label if condition is false 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+if (IC_COND) goto IC_TRUE; 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Or 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If (!IC_COND) goto IC_FALSE;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+ADDRESS_OF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Address of 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = &IC_LEFT();
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+JUMPTABLE
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_JTCOND IC_JTLABELS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Jump to list of labels depending on the value of JTCOND
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Switch statement
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+CAST
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RIGHT() IC_LEFT() IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+Cast types 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT = (typeof IC_LEFT) IC_RIGHT;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+SEND
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_LEFT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+This is used for passing parameters in registers; 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+move IC_LEFT to the next available parameter register.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+None
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+RECV
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+IC_RESULT()
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+This is used for receiving parameters passed in registers;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Move the values in the next parameter register to IC_RESULT 
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size footnotesize
+None
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape slanted
+\size footnotesize
+(some more have been added)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape slanted
+\size footnotesize
+see f.e.
+
+\shape default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+gen51Code()
+\family default
+\shape default
+ 
+\shape slanted
+in
+\shape default
+ 
+\family typewriter
+\shape slanted
+src/mcs51/gen.c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the original article Figure II was announced to be downloadable on 
+\shape italic
+Circuit Cellar
+\shape default
+'s web site.
+ ftp://ftp.circuitcellar.com/pub/Circuit_Cellar/2000/121/dutta.ZIP
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph*
+ICode Example
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+iCode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section shows some details of iCode.
+ The example C code does not do anything useful; it is used as an example
+ to illustrate the intermediate code generated by the compiler.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+
+\family typewriter
+1.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+__xdata int * p;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+2.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int gint;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+3.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* This function does nothing useful.
+ It is used
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+4.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+for the purpose of explaining iCode */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+5.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+short function (__data int *x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+6.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+7.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+short i=10; 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* dead initialization eliminated */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+8.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+short sum=10; /* dead initialization eliminated */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+9.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+short mul;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+int j ;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+11.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+while (*x) *x++ = *p++;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+12.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sum = 0 ;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+13.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mul = 0;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+14.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* compiler detects i,j to be induction variables */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+15.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+for (i = 0, j = 10 ; i < 10 ; i++, j
+\family default
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\family typewriter
+) {
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+16.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sum += i;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+17.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mul += i * 3; 
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* this multiplication remains */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+18.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+gint += j * 3;
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/* this multiplication changed to addition */
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+19.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+20.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+return sum+mul;
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+21.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In addition to the operands each iCode contains information about the filename
+ and line it corresponds to in the source file.
+ The first field in the listing should be interpreted as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\shape italic
+\size footnotesize
+Filename(linenumber: iCode Execution sequence number : ICode hash table
+ key : loop depth of the iCode).
+\shape default
+\size default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Then follows the human readable form of the ICode operation.
+ Each operand of this triplet form can be of three basic types a) compiler
+ generated temporary b) user defined variable c) a constant value.
+ Note that local variables and parameters are replaced by compiler generated
+ temporaries.
+ Live ranges
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Live range analysis
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are computed only for temporaries (i.e.
+ live ranges are not computed for global variables).
+ Registers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Register allocation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are allocated for temporaries only.
+ Operands are formatted in the following manner:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\shape italic
+\size footnotesize
+Operand Name [lr live-from : live-to ] { type information } [ registers
+ allocated ].
+\shape default
+\size default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+As mentioned earlier the live ranges are computed in terms of the execution
+ sequence number of the iCodes, for example 
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+the iTemp0 is live from (i.e.
+ first defined in iCode with execution sequence number 3, and is last used
+ in the iCode with sequence number 5).
+ For induction variables such as iTemp21 the live range computation extends
+ the lifetime from the start to the end of the loop.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The register allocator used the live range information to allocate registers,
+ the same registers may be used for different temporaries if their live
+ ranges do not overlap, for example r0 is allocated to both iTemp6 and to
+ iTemp17 since their live ranges do not overlap.
+ In addition the allocator also takes into consideration the type and usage
+ of a temporary, for example itemp6 is a pointer to near space and is used
+ as to fetch data from (i.e.
+ used in GET_VALUE_AT_ADDRESS) so it is allocated a pointer register (r0).
+ Some short lived temporaries are allocated to special registers which have
+ meaning to the code generator e.g.
+ iTemp13 is allocated to a pseudo register CC which tells the back end that
+ the temporary is used only for a conditional jump the code generation makes
+ use of this information to optimize a compare and jump ICode.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+There are several loop optimizations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loop optimization
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ performed by the compiler.
+ It can detect induction variables iTemp21(i) and iTemp23(j).
+ Also note the compiler does selective strength reduction
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Strength reduction
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, i.e.
+ the multiplication of an induction variable in line 18 (gint = j * 3) is
+ changed to addition, a new temporary iTemp17 is allocated and assigned
+ a initial value, a constant 3 is then added for each iteration of the loop.
+ The compiler does not change the multiplication
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Multiplication
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in line 17 however since the processor does support an 8 * 8 bit multiplication.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note the dead code elimination
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dead-code elimination
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ optimization eliminated the dead assignments in line 7 & 8 to I and sum
+ respectively.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c (5:1:0:0) _entry($9) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(5:2:1:0) proc _function [lr0:0]{function short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:3:2:0) iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:4:53:0) preHeaderLbl0($11) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:5:55:0) iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] := iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near
+ * int}[r2]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:6:5:1) _whilecontinue_0($1) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:7:7:1) iTemp4 [lr7:8]{int}[r2 r3] = @[iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near *
+ int}[r0]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:8:8:1) if iTemp4 [lr7:8]{int}[r2 r3] == 0 goto _whilebreak_0($3)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:9:14:1) iTemp7 [lr9:13]{_far * int}[DPTR] := _p [lr0:0]{_far
+ * int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:10:15:1) _p [lr0:0]{_far * int} = _p [lr0:0]{_far * int} + 0x2
+ {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:13:18:1) iTemp10 [lr13:14]{int}[r2 r3] = @[iTemp7 [lr9:13]{_far
+ * int}[DPTR]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:14:19:1) *(iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0]) := iTemp10 [lr13:14]{int
+}[r2 r3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:15:12:1) iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] = iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near
+ * int}[r0] + 0x2 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:16:20:1) goto _whilecontinue_0($1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(11:17:21:0)_whilebreak_0($3) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(12:18:22:0) iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(13:19:23:0) iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:20:54:0)preHeaderLbl1($13) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:21:56:0) iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:22:57:0) iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5 r6] := 0xa {int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:23:58:0) iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0] := 0x1e {int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:24:26:1)_forcond_0($4) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:25:27:1) iTemp13 [lr25:26]{char}[CC] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4]
+ < 0xa {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:26:28:1) if iTemp13 [lr25:26]{char}[CC] == 0 goto _forbreak_0($7)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(16:27:31:1) iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] = iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2]
+ + ITemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(17:29:33:1) iTemp15 [lr29:30]{short}[r1] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4]
+ * 0x3 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(17:30:34:1) iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] = iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3]
+ + iTemp15 [lr29:30]{short}[r1]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(18:32:36:1:1) iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0]= iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7
+ r0]- 0x3 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(18:33:37:1) _gint [lr0:0]{int} = _gint [lr0:0]{int} + iTemp17 [lr23:38]{
+int}[r7 r0]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:36:42:1) iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4]
+ + 0x1 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(15:37:45:1) iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5 r6]= iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5
+ r6]- 0x1 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(19:38:47:1) goto _forcond_0($4)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(19:39:48:0)_forbreak_0($7) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(20:40:49:0) iTemp24 [lr40:41]{short}[DPTR] = iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2]
+ + ITemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(20:41:50:0) ret iTemp24 [lr40:41]{short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(20:42:51:0)_return($8) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+Sample.c(20:43:52:0) eproc _function [lr0:0]{ ia0 re0 rm0}{function short}
+\size default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Finally the code generated for this function:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+.area DSEG (DATA)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+_p::
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.ds 2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+_gint::
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+.ds 2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; sample.c 5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; ———————————————-
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; function function
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; ———————————————-
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+_function:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2] = recv 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r2,dpl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] := iTemp0 [lr3:5]{_near * int}[r2]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov ar0,r2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+;_whilecontinue_0($1) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00101$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp4 [lr7:8]{int}[r2 r3] = @[iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; if iTemp4 [lr7:8]{int}[r2 r3] == 0 goto _whilebreak_0($3)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov ar2,@r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov ar3,@r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dec r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+orl a,r3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jz 00103$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00114$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp7 [lr9:13]{_far * int}[DPTR] := _p [lr0:0]{_far * int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dpl,_p
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dph,(_p + 1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _p [lr0:0]{_far * int} = _p [lr0:0]{_far * int} + 0x2 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,#0x02
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,_p
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov _p,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+addc a,(_p + 1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov (_p + 1),a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp10 [lr13:14]{int}[r2 r3] = @[iTemp7 [lr9:13]{_far * int}[DPTR]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx a,@dptr
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r2,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc dptr
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movx a,@dptr
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r3,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; *(iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0]) := iTemp10 [lr13:14]{int}[r2 r3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov @r0,ar2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov @r0,ar3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] = 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp6 [lr5:16]{_near * int}[r0] + 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; 0x2 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; goto _whilecontinue_0($1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sjmp 00101$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _whilebreak_0($3) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00103$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r2,#0x00
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r3,#0x00
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] := 0x0 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r4,#0x00
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5 r6] := 0xa {int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r5,#0x0A
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r6,#0x00
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0] := 0x1e {int}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r7,#0x1E
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,#0x00
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _forcond_0($4) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00104$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp13 [lr25:26]{char}[CC] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] < 0xa {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; if iTemp13 [lr25:26]{char}[CC] == 0 goto _forbreak_0($7)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+clr c
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+xrl a,#0x80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+subb a,#0x8a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+jnc 00107$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00115$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] = iTemp2 [lr18:40]{short}[r2] + 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,r2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r2,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp15 [lr29:30]{short}[r1] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] * 0x3 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov b,#0x03
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mul ab
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r1,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] = iTemp11 [lr19:40]{short}[r3] + 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp15 [lr29:30]{short}[r1]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,r3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r3,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0]= iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0]- 0x3 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r7
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,#0xfd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r7,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+addc a,#0xff
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov r0,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _gint [lr0:0]{int} = _gint [lr0:0]{int} + iTemp17 [lr23:38]{int}[r7 r0]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r7
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,_gint
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov _gint,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r0
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+addc a,(_gint + 1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov (_gint + 1),a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] = iTemp21 [lr21:38]{short}[r4] + 0x1 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inc r4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5 r6]= iTemp23 [lr22:38]{int}[r5 r6]- 0x1 {short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dec r5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+cjne r5,#0xff,00104$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dec r6
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; goto _forcond_0($4)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sjmp 00104$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _forbreak_0($7) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00107$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; ret iTemp24 [lr40:41]{short}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov a,r3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+add a,r2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mov dpl,a
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+; _return($8) :
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+00108$:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size footnotesize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ret
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+A few words about basic block successors, predecessors and dominators
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Successors are basic blocks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Basic blocks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that might execute after this basic block.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Predecessors are basic blocks that might execute before reaching this basic
+ block.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Dominators are basic blocks that WILL execute before reaching this basic
+ block.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[basic block 1]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+if (something)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+[basic block 2]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+else
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+[basic block 3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[basic block 4]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+a) succList of [BB2] = [BB4], of [BB3] = [BB4], of [BB1] = [BB2,BB3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+b) predList of [BB2] = [BB1], of [BB3] = [BB1], of [BB4] = [BB2,BB3]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+c) domVect of [BB4] = BB1 ...
+ here we are not sure if BB2 or BB3 was executed but we are SURE that BB1
+ was executed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Acknowledgments
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/#Who
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Thanks to all the other volunteer developers who have helped with coding,
+ testing, web-page creation, distribution sets, etc.
+ You know who you are :-)
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Thanks to Sourceforge 
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which has hosted the project since 1999 and donates significant download
+ bandwidth.
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Also thanks to all SDCC Distributed Compile Farm members for donating CPU
+ cycles and bandwidth for snapshot builds.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This document was initially written by Sandeep Dutta and updated by SDCC
+ developers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All product names mentioned herein may be trademarks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Trademarks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of their respective companies.
+ 
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section*
+Alphabetical index
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To avoid confusion, the installation and building options for SDCC itself
+ (chapter 2) are not part of the index.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
+LatexCommand printindex
+type "idx"
+name "Index"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_body
+\end_document